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A Part Apart: The Life and Thought of B.R. Ambedkar
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956) is perhaps the most iconised historical figure in India. Born into a caste deemed ‘unfit for human association’, he came to define what it means to be human.
How and why did Ambedkar, who revered and cited the Gita till the 1930s, turn against Hinduism? What were his quarrels with Gandhi and Savarkar? Why did he come to see himself as Moses? How did the lessons learnt at Columbia University impact the struggle for water in Mahad in 1927 and the drafting of the Constitution of India in 1950? Having declared in 1935 that he will not die as a Hindu, why did Ambedkar toil on the Hindu Code Bill? What made him a votary of Western individualism and yet put faith in the collective ethical way of life suggested by Buddhism? Why is it wrong to see Ambedkar as an apologist for colonialism? From which streams of thought did Ambedkar brew his philosophies? Who were the thinkers he turned to in his library of fifty thousand books? What did this life of the mind cost him and his intimates? What of his first wife, Ramabai, while he was busy with the chalval?
A Part Apart is a rigorous effort at both asking questions and answering as many as one can about B.R. Ambedkar. Ashok Gopal undertakes a mission without parallel: reading the bulk of Ambedkar’s writings, speeches and letters in Marathi and English, and what Ambedkar himself would have read. This is the story of the unrelenting toil and struggle that went into the making of Ambedkar legend.
A graduate in history, Ashok Gopal has worked as a journalist, consultant for NGOs, curriculum designer and educational content developer. He has been studying the life and thought of Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar since 2004. He lives in Pune.
The book features 70 photographs, most of them from the archivist Vijay Surwade’s collection.
How and why did Ambedkar, who revered and cited the Gita till the 1930s, turn against Hinduism? What were his quarrels with Gandhi and Savarkar? Why did he come to see himself as Moses? How did the lessons learnt at Columbia University impact the struggle for water in Mahad in 1927 and the drafting of the Constitution of India in 1950? Having declared in 1935 that he will not die as a Hindu, why did Ambedkar toil on the Hindu Code Bill? What made him a votary of Western individualism and yet put faith in the collective ethical way of life suggested by Buddhism? Why is it wrong to see Ambedkar as an apologist for colonialism? From which streams of thought did Ambedkar brew his philosophies? Who were the thinkers he turned to in his library of fifty thousand books? What did this life of the mind cost him and his intimates? What of his first wife, Ramabai, while he was busy with the chalval?
A Part Apart is a rigorous effort at both asking questions and answering as many as one can about B.R. Ambedkar. Ashok Gopal undertakes a mission without parallel: reading the bulk of Ambedkar’s writings, speeches and letters in Marathi and English, and what Ambedkar himself would have read. This is the story of the unrelenting toil and struggle that went into the making of Ambedkar legend.
A graduate in history, Ashok Gopal has worked as a journalist, consultant for NGOs, curriculum designer and educational content developer. He has been studying the life and thought of Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar since 2004. He lives in Pune.
The book features 70 photographs, most of them from the archivist Vijay Surwade’s collection.
864 pages, Hardcover
Published April 5, 2023
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Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews
July 22, 2023
A magnificent biography (with one minor quibble)! Ashok Gopal presents the evolution of Ambedkar’s thought and his relentless pursuit of justice with impeccable research drawing from both Marathi and English sources. Far from being a a hagiography, this book is not afraid to point out his idiosyncrasies and question his contradictions, allowing readers to see Ambedkar as a complex human being rather than an idealized hero.
One of the most eye-opening aspects of the book is the exploration of Ambedkar's differences with influential figures such as Gandhi, Tilak, the Hindu Mahasabha, and the communists on their approaches to social reform. These insights shed light on the intricacies of Ambedkar's thinking and the challenges he faced in pursuing social change. The instances of inhumane discrimination make for difficult reading. This book also does an excellent job of differentiating Ambedkar’s vision of Buddhism from the tradition and examines his selective readings and use of unconventional methods of interpretation to align the teachings of the Buddha with his politics.
Many passages from Ambedkar’s writings have been reproduced throughout the book giving us glimpses of his thought in his own words. Through thorough analysis of his writings, Gopal delves into the mind of the visionary leader, discussing everything, from his theories on the origin and persistence of caste in the Hindu social order, his harsh stance on nationalism and communism, his views on Islam and the demand for Pakistan, to his unique understanding of Buddhism. It is fascinating to see how the variety of positions ‘Babasaheb’ held throughout his life has resulted in nearly all sides of the political spectrum trying to appropriate some aspect of him.
However, I must acknowledge a tiny complaint. While the book description on the flap promises an investigation of Ambedkar’s quarrels with Gandhi and V.D. Savarkar, and the evolution of his complicated relationship with Gandhi is explored in-depth, Savarkar gets much less attention. This book and the other new biography by Aakash Singh Rathore rightfully reject Dhananjay Keer’s linking of Ambedkar with Savarkar as unsubstantiated but do not flesh out the nature of their relationship. In this book, we are told that Ambedkar lost interest in Savarkar’s reform movements due to his failure to drop the jargon of chaturvarna. Later, we learn that Savarkar gave Ambedkar rich tributes on his birthday. The endnotes tell us that Ambedkar wanted Savarkar to appear as a defense witness in court to affirm the DCs (as they were then called) right to use the Chavdar Tank. Savarkar opposed Ambedkar’s decision to leave Hinduism but eventually declared, “The Buddhist Ambedkar is a Hindu Ambedkar!” An endnote to the penultimate chapter gives us the impression that Ambedkar grew bitter of Savarkar: in a private letter, he accused the Hindu nationalist leader of plotting with S.A. Dange, a communist, to defeat him in a battle of seats. The implications of this unlikely alliance and the allegation itself are not discussed any further. An endnote to the last chapter mentions Ambedkar having responded to some critical comments on Buddhism made by Savarkar by saying that the Hindu nationalist leader had “vomited out filth”. While these endnotes provide intriguing glimpses into their interactions, a more thorough examination would have been beneficial. But then, this is a book on Ambedkar and not Savarkar and my disappointment is only because the book failed to deliver on something that it promised to explore.
Despite this minor criticism, A Part Apart remains an invaluable contribution to the understanding of B.R. Ambedkar's life and thought. Ashok Gopal's meticulous research, engaging writing, and insightful and sincere analysis make it a must-read for anyone seeking to delve into the intellectual world of this visionary leader and his enduring impact on India's social and political landscape.
PS: Navayana have done a great job with this volume. I hardly came across any typographical errors. The binding is sewn, and the thin but high-quality pages prevent the book from being unwieldy and uncomfortable to hold. The ribbon bookmark and the photographs throughout add to the beauty of the tome. Clearly, this book was a labor of love for all involved!
One of the most eye-opening aspects of the book is the exploration of Ambedkar's differences with influential figures such as Gandhi, Tilak, the Hindu Mahasabha, and the communists on their approaches to social reform. These insights shed light on the intricacies of Ambedkar's thinking and the challenges he faced in pursuing social change. The instances of inhumane discrimination make for difficult reading. This book also does an excellent job of differentiating Ambedkar’s vision of Buddhism from the tradition and examines his selective readings and use of unconventional methods of interpretation to align the teachings of the Buddha with his politics.
“He [the Untouchable] paid taxes out of which schools were maintained but his children could not be admitted in to those schools. He paid taxes out of which wells were built but he had no right to take water from them. He paid taxes out of which roads were built. But he has no right to use them. He paid taxes for the upkeep of the state. But he himself was not entitled to hold offices in the state.” (BAWS 12:146)
"...a Hindu tongawala, no better than a menial, has a dignity by which he can look upon himself as a person who is superior to any Untouchable, even though he may be a barrister-at-law." (BAWS 12: 681)
“Must man follow his ancestral calling even if it does not suit his capacities, even when it has ceased to be profitable? Must a man live by his ancestral calling even if he finds it to be immoral? If everyone must pursue his ancestral calling, then it must follow that a man must continue to be a pimp because his grandfather was a pimp, and a woman must continue to be a prostitute because her grandmother was a prostitute.” (BAWS 1: 90)
Many passages from Ambedkar’s writings have been reproduced throughout the book giving us glimpses of his thought in his own words. Through thorough analysis of his writings, Gopal delves into the mind of the visionary leader, discussing everything, from his theories on the origin and persistence of caste in the Hindu social order, his harsh stance on nationalism and communism, his views on Islam and the demand for Pakistan, to his unique understanding of Buddhism. It is fascinating to see how the variety of positions ‘Babasaheb’ held throughout his life has resulted in nearly all sides of the political spectrum trying to appropriate some aspect of him.
However, I must acknowledge a tiny complaint. While the book description on the flap promises an investigation of Ambedkar’s quarrels with Gandhi and V.D. Savarkar, and the evolution of his complicated relationship with Gandhi is explored in-depth, Savarkar gets much less attention. This book and the other new biography by Aakash Singh Rathore rightfully reject Dhananjay Keer’s linking of Ambedkar with Savarkar as unsubstantiated but do not flesh out the nature of their relationship. In this book, we are told that Ambedkar lost interest in Savarkar’s reform movements due to his failure to drop the jargon of chaturvarna. Later, we learn that Savarkar gave Ambedkar rich tributes on his birthday. The endnotes tell us that Ambedkar wanted Savarkar to appear as a defense witness in court to affirm the DCs (as they were then called) right to use the Chavdar Tank. Savarkar opposed Ambedkar’s decision to leave Hinduism but eventually declared, “The Buddhist Ambedkar is a Hindu Ambedkar!” An endnote to the penultimate chapter gives us the impression that Ambedkar grew bitter of Savarkar: in a private letter, he accused the Hindu nationalist leader of plotting with S.A. Dange, a communist, to defeat him in a battle of seats. The implications of this unlikely alliance and the allegation itself are not discussed any further. An endnote to the last chapter mentions Ambedkar having responded to some critical comments on Buddhism made by Savarkar by saying that the Hindu nationalist leader had “vomited out filth”. While these endnotes provide intriguing glimpses into their interactions, a more thorough examination would have been beneficial. But then, this is a book on Ambedkar and not Savarkar and my disappointment is only because the book failed to deliver on something that it promised to explore.
Despite this minor criticism, A Part Apart remains an invaluable contribution to the understanding of B.R. Ambedkar's life and thought. Ashok Gopal's meticulous research, engaging writing, and insightful and sincere analysis make it a must-read for anyone seeking to delve into the intellectual world of this visionary leader and his enduring impact on India's social and political landscape.
“Who would have thought that an Untouchable-Mahar-boy from Hindustan would sit one day at a round table conference and play a major part in the making of a constitution for the future of the country? Isn't that a poetic and incredible happening that defies the flight of imagination? With respect to what is said to be poetic or romantic, what could be more phenomenal than the chronology of my life?” (Ambedkar writing in Janata, 14 September 1931)
PS: Navayana have done a great job with this volume. I hardly came across any typographical errors. The binding is sewn, and the thin but high-quality pages prevent the book from being unwieldy and uncomfortable to hold. The ribbon bookmark and the photographs throughout add to the beauty of the tome. Clearly, this book was a labor of love for all involved!
June 11, 2024
"I am not a part of the whole. I am a part apart" - Dr. BR Ambedkar
'A Part Apart' is a deeply researched and definitely a must read book for readers who want to know about Ambedkar, one of the greatest intellectuals of modern India. It is not a hagiographical account. The book brings out the many contradictions and changing attitudes in Ambedkar's viewpoints as he evolves through different circumstances.
While describing about Ambedkar's mode of thinking, the author Ashok Gopal highlights that they were guided by principles; always questioning; probing cultivated blindness; being open to change; and being ready to reject anything that does not hold good, even one's own ideas once defended fiercely.
It is an insightful read for all who believe in building an India that is egalitarian and democratic.
'A Part Apart' is a deeply researched and definitely a must read book for readers who want to know about Ambedkar, one of the greatest intellectuals of modern India. It is not a hagiographical account. The book brings out the many contradictions and changing attitudes in Ambedkar's viewpoints as he evolves through different circumstances.
While describing about Ambedkar's mode of thinking, the author Ashok Gopal highlights that they were guided by principles; always questioning; probing cultivated blindness; being open to change; and being ready to reject anything that does not hold good, even one's own ideas once defended fiercely.
It is an insightful read for all who believe in building an India that is egalitarian and democratic.
May 9, 2024
Ashok Gopal's book on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is a masterful exposition that delves deep into the life and ideology of one of India's most influential figures. The book is not just a biography; it's a vivid tapestry of 19th-century Indian society and the birth of the modern Indian state, woven through the lens of Ambedkar's journey from a marginalized individual to a national hero.
The narrative is richly detailed, offering insights into Ambedkar's pivotal role in shaping a robust Indian state, advocating for the emancipation of the downtrodden, and championing women's rights. It's a testament to his unwavering commitment to reforming Indian society, often without recognition and in the face of staunch opposition.
Gopal's work shines a light on Ambedkar's intellectual legacy, highlighting his contributions to contemporary politics, law, social justice, parliamentary democracy, Indian social structure, religion, federalism, and economics. The book brings to life Ambedkar's enduring spirit, as if he's engaging with readers through his writings and speeches, imparting wisdom that transcends time.
In his final moments, Ambedkar's embrace of the Buddha's teachings—liberty, equality, fraternity—is presented as a universal message of rationality and social justice, rooted in ancient wisdom yet profoundly relevant today.
This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the ideological forces that have shaped India. It's a celebration of Ambedkar's genius and a compelling argument for his place as a true founding father of the Indian state. Gopal's meticulous research sets a new benchmark for understanding the intricate relationship between Ambedkar's thoughts and actions, making it an essential historical study of a towering 20th-century political thinker and actor.
The narrative is richly detailed, offering insights into Ambedkar's pivotal role in shaping a robust Indian state, advocating for the emancipation of the downtrodden, and championing women's rights. It's a testament to his unwavering commitment to reforming Indian society, often without recognition and in the face of staunch opposition.
Gopal's work shines a light on Ambedkar's intellectual legacy, highlighting his contributions to contemporary politics, law, social justice, parliamentary democracy, Indian social structure, religion, federalism, and economics. The book brings to life Ambedkar's enduring spirit, as if he's engaging with readers through his writings and speeches, imparting wisdom that transcends time.
In his final moments, Ambedkar's embrace of the Buddha's teachings—liberty, equality, fraternity—is presented as a universal message of rationality and social justice, rooted in ancient wisdom yet profoundly relevant today.
This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the ideological forces that have shaped India. It's a celebration of Ambedkar's genius and a compelling argument for his place as a true founding father of the Indian state. Gopal's meticulous research sets a new benchmark for understanding the intricate relationship between Ambedkar's thoughts and actions, making it an essential historical study of a towering 20th-century political thinker and actor.
October 28, 2023
Well written with objectivity. Succeeded in convincing me ( a savarna) to believe in the total greatness and thought leadership of the great man. It is regretful that so little of the greatness of this man percolates though the text books in school. This therefore results in a lot of misunderstandings about Dr. Ambedkar. I would urge every Indian to read this book.
Only constructive criticism I have to offer is that since this is a biography, a balanced perspective of those who opposed his views should also be presented, especially of those who started with him but parted ways midway ( Palwankar, Chitnis, Rankhambe et al).
Only constructive criticism I have to offer is that since this is a biography, a balanced perspective of those who opposed his views should also be presented, especially of those who started with him but parted ways midway ( Palwankar, Chitnis, Rankhambe et al).
June 18, 2025
A Part Apart: The Life and Thought of B.R. Ambedkar" by Ashok Gopal is, without a doubt, one of the best biographies I've ever read. It's truly a magisterial book.
The sheer hard work, thorough research, and dedication that went into creating this book is clear on every single page. The author has relied on a wide range of sources, including Ambedkar's English writings, his lesser-known Marathi pieces, scholarly articles, his books, old newspaper archives, and even the magazines he started himself. In many ways, this feels like the most complete biography of the great Dr. B.R. Ambedkar we have.
The author meticulously traces Ambedkar's life journey. He starts from his early years, exploring the impact of his family background, moves through his studies abroad and the lasting impression of his teachers like John Dewey. We then follow his return to India, his work as an advocate, his rise as an able legislator and statesman, and his role as a radical thinker and reformer. The book even covers his significant clashes with Mahatma Gandhi and his important statesman-like role in the last decade of his life.
What really stands out is how author has masterfully connected Ambedkar's actions and life events with his intellectual principles. The references to the books he read and formulation of his own unique ideas make this biography incredibly enriching. Plus, there's a great collection of photographs.
To conclude, Ashok Gopal has done a great service by writing such an insightful and comprehensive biography of one of the greatest Indians in our history.
The sheer hard work, thorough research, and dedication that went into creating this book is clear on every single page. The author has relied on a wide range of sources, including Ambedkar's English writings, his lesser-known Marathi pieces, scholarly articles, his books, old newspaper archives, and even the magazines he started himself. In many ways, this feels like the most complete biography of the great Dr. B.R. Ambedkar we have.
The author meticulously traces Ambedkar's life journey. He starts from his early years, exploring the impact of his family background, moves through his studies abroad and the lasting impression of his teachers like John Dewey. We then follow his return to India, his work as an advocate, his rise as an able legislator and statesman, and his role as a radical thinker and reformer. The book even covers his significant clashes with Mahatma Gandhi and his important statesman-like role in the last decade of his life.
What really stands out is how author has masterfully connected Ambedkar's actions and life events with his intellectual principles. The references to the books he read and formulation of his own unique ideas make this biography incredibly enriching. Plus, there's a great collection of photographs.
To conclude, Ashok Gopal has done a great service by writing such an insightful and comprehensive biography of one of the greatest Indians in our history.
March 23, 2025
Painstakingly researched and meticulously structured, this is a biography like no other. It is essentially a biography of Ambedkar's mind and we try to create a fuller picture of the man he was via his speeches and writings. An added roadblock to this endeavour were the missing/destroyed works and the works he never finished writing, but Ashok Gopal navigates through all this with great precision. An essential read on the man known by all Indians, yet someone who sadly still remains unknown.
Want to read
August 27, 2023Good one
May 3, 2024
Apart from other books. 4.5/5
Displaying 1 - 8 of 8 reviews