On April 5, 1999, local police in Serbia found a truck floating half-submerged in the Danube River. When they pulled it to shore and opened the cargo hold they found it filled with human bodies. The truck, and the bodies, then disappeared.
The full picture would only emerge years later, when the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia investigated and prosecuted the chief architects of the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo. It exposed a stunning secret campaign to murder Kosovo Albanians and systematically hide the evidence by transporting their bodies hundreds of kilometres away.
Eliott Behar, a former war crimes prosecutor at the Tribunal, tells the true story of what unfolded through the eyewitnesses, victims, and perpetrators who testified in The Hague. Tell It to the World takes you inside the international criminal justice system, attesting to the strength and resilience of the human spirit and the darkness into which we can descend.
From an early age I've been drawn to fundamental questions about human psychology, justice, and human rights. I spent ten years as a criminal prosecutor, an experience that has informed my writing and led me to ask - and try to answer - some difficult questions about our notions of justice and our understanding of violence, hate, and discrimination.
In my writing I try to explore difficult issues from new and sometimes unconventional perspectives. I speak regularly on a range of topics and issues, and I always welcome new thoughts, ideas or feedback.
Eliot Behar’s Tell It to the World is absolutely essential reading. Not just for those interested in current global politics or those interested in forensic science or those interested in international courts or….
Tell It to the World is absolutely essential reading. For anyone.
Eliot Behar worked as a prosecutor at the International Criminal Court established to hear cases of crimes against humanity that occurred during the collapse of Yugoslavia. The prosecution team he worked with was genuinely global with members from Canada, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Jamaica, Malaysia, Norway, and the United States (Behar is Canadian). They were responsible for prosecuting Vlastimir Dordevic, former Assistant Minister of the Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs and Chief of the Public Security Department, positions that made him responsible for police forces in Kosovo and Serbia.
Because this is a book about human rights abuses and genocide, it does not make for easy reading at times. Nonetheless, Behar is a remarkably clear writer, capable of conveying this information with precision and a minimum of embellishment. This kind of giving witness is essential for the historical record. As Behar puts it, “to strive for justice is to seek not only to punish but to declare this is not the way things should be.”
Behar also spends a good portion of the book wrestling with the questions of how people come to feel justified in committing crimes against humanity and the way they view these crimes later on. Ironically, he finds the motivation for crimes against humanity in our own desire for justice, the same desire that lies behind the creation of the International Criminal Court: “Justified is a powerful word, which seems to receive too little of our attention. It conveys that an act that would otherwise be unacceptable is considered—for some particular reason— to be morally and ethically permissible.”
Almost all of us would say that genocide is immoral under any circumstances. In specific moments, however, leaders and their people can construct specific narratives that make genocide appropriate within that single context: “such violence is not typically caused by an absence of, or lack of attention to, justice and morality. It is, instead, caused by the direct and overriding pursuit of a misdirected view of morality and justice, constructed as justification in the minds of the perpetrators.” And it is not only monsters who can be led to embrace this kind of justification. The possibility for embracing it lies within us all.
Tell It to the World is doubly essential. It is essential because it records a period in human history that is essential to remember. It is also essential because it helps readers to think beyond a specific atrocity to consider the ways in which our societies’ failures have allowed these atrocities to happen.
Sometimes the things that make us uncomfortable are the things we most need to explore. This book is one of those instances. The content made me uncomfortable. It invaded my dreams. In the end, it did exactly what it was supposed to do. If you aren't uncomfortable when you read this, there is probably something wrong with you. Despite the discomfort, and because of it, this book needs to be read.
While the content is not easy to read, Eliott Behar's writing style certainly is. He manages to pull a multi-faceted and profoundly disturbing story together, telling it to us in a way that is easy to follow and impossible to ignore. His focus is largely on the ethnic cleansing within Serbia and Kosovo, though he also touches on Bosnia and other areas involved in the human rights atrocities of the '90s. Throughout the book, he alternates a kind of educational narrative with his own personal experiences during the trial and the horrific personal stories of some of the survivors. The blend works exceptionally well. It's easy to read cold facts, acknowledge them intellectually, and then move on. When these stories are personalized, the result is something else entirely.
Most of us here in the U.S. experience war and conflict from a distance. The fear doesn't touch us, and so, perhaps, we don't look closely enough at the kind of damage it does to humanity. Our history classes focus on facts and dates. Maybe it's time books like this one were brought into the classroom instead.
*I was provided with an early review copy by Dundurn via NetGalley in exchange for an honest review.*
Author has a REALLY COOL name. Also very tragic and informative account of prosecuting Serbian war criminals for what many do not know happened in Kosovo.
For most of my life, I didn't know much about Kosovo and the horrors that happened there. I had only heard about the conflict once in one of my international relations classes. While spending a summer in Pristina, I had the opportunity to hear from people who lost loved ones, became refugees, or fought in the war. After I left, I wanted to learn more about the mass murders that occurred during this time.
This book was an in-depth account of some of the atrocities that happened. At some points, the first-person accounts of murder, rape, and displacement were hard to read and digest, but there lies the purpose of the book to "Tell It to the World". The author also does a solid job of highlighting the court processes and the Serbian government's attempt to cover up their crimes. I would recommend everyone read this book, as it covers a topic that needs to be talked about much more.
I read this book to get a better understanding of the war in Kosovo and the international tribunal following those atrocities committed in preparation for going there for the Peace Corps. This book was written by a lawyer and it mostly follows the legal processes that took place to prosecute those leaders in charge. However, it goes beyond just the legal to tell individual stories of survivors which was so moving. The novel ponders questions of identity, victimhood, and justice in such a complex and interesting way that really spoke to me. I also appreciated how the author pushes us to accept and own the “worst parts of one’s collective history” in order to stop the cycle of violence especially against other groups. Even though the author is a lawyer he does an excellent job of avoiding jargon and making these processes approachable to any reader. I wish there was more discussions around other everyday acts of violence committed as it mainly focused on mass violence and mass graves where men were the main victims. I think there could have been more exploration on the specific gendered violence women experienced.
(I had to write a review of this for class so might as well copy paste it here— if you’re my prof for IREb1003, I did not plagiarise my paper this is still me)
Review: Tell it to the World
The world of international courts can seem opaque and far removed from the individuals that cases are brought on behalf of. Tell It to the World: International Justice and the Secret Campaign to Hide Mass Murder in Kosovo by Eliott Behar (published 2014, Dundorn, $7.99) is still an insider’s perspective, based on Behar’s experience as a prosecutor in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, but seeks to combine legal philosophy with stories of Behar’s experiences with the individuals who travelled to the Court to provide evidence and the details of their testimony. In doing this, it raises questions about what justice looks like in an international setting.
Summary.
A significant recurring theme is the limitations of the Court. Behar contrasts the Court’s speed and broad focus with his experiences trying murder cases in Canada, where every detail of a single murder would be systematically examined one by one. This is echoed by the consequences of the court– Behar repeats that in the Canadian cases a single murder could result in a life sentence, whereas in the international cases a thousand murders could result in ten years. Behar explores the history of international courts in this aspect, using significant amounts of referencing to the Halocaust and Nuremberg Trials.
The heart of the book, however, lies in the individuals who testify before the Court. Behar recounts their stories– many have survived through heartbreaking difficulty and loss, including some who were children at the time of the war (the ‘present time’ of the book is approximately a decade after the Kosovo War), They are far from home, facing the person accused of orchestrating what in many cases was the murders of large parts of their families, speaking through translators, and facing questions concerned more with what colour uniforms were worn. Behar describes the sense of ‘telling it to the world’ that pushes these individuals through the experience, which serves as a rhetorical answer to the question perpetrators are frequently described throughout the book as asking: “Where is the West?”
Strengths.
As one would expect from a prosecutor, Behar lays out his points early on and tackles them in a way that can be quite easily followed without feeling heavy-handed. For example, he describes the colour of various uniforms or the presence of radios as being details important to the Court. From that point on, uniforms and radios are frequently mentioned but Behar refrains from repeating the same paragraph explaining why.
Behar also uses experiences from his background to quite effectively provide context for the concepts he describes in the wider world, both with his background as a standard criminal prosecutor in Canada and his Jewish heritage. In doing so, he puts a human face to the otherwise mechanical Court– describing the small celebrations between coworkers at certain moments, or waiting with witnesses to be called to testify.
Weaknesses.
Throughout the book, Serbian names for places within Kosovo are used instead of Albanian names. Behar describes this as a purposeful choice, with his rationale being that the majority of perpetrators prosecuted by the court were Serbian. However, the victims and the majority of individuals whose testimony he uses are Albanian. Kosovo was an independent country by the time of publication, with Albanian place names predominantly used throughout. Nearly all of the residents of the city the book calls Peć would call it Peja.
In addition to this, the timeline of the book is somewhat confusing. The reasoning behind the author’s choices becomes clearer as the reader approaches the end of the book, but the inclusion of a timeline in an appendix would be helpful. There are also events occurring all throughout Kosovo and Serbia, often in small villages. A well-constructed map could significantly increase ease of reading. There is little information about the overall context of the Yugoslav Wars, but this is understandable as the topic is complex and difficult to cover succinctly.
There are graphic descriptions of violence (including against children, people with disabilities, the elderly, and sexual violence) in the book. This is not a weakness, considering the context of the book, but potential readers should be aware.
Conclusion.
Tell It to the World quite effectively accomplishes what it sets out to do– providing a well-researched account of what happened to Kosovar Albanians during the war while also raising significant philosophical questions about justice in the international courts. This book could be recommended for readers who have a significant interest in international criminal justice, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, or the Kosovo War.
A horrifyingly specific discussion of some of the many war crimes related to Kosovo and the subsequent prosecution of some of the leaders. The author was one of the prosecutors at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), so we hear more about the prosecution side of things, along with painstakingly referenced facts of what happened (the extent of which will shock most readers), along with some analysis of how and why these war crimes may have occurred, particularly on the theme of justice, that is, individuals and groups seeking 'justice' in response to a perceived former injustice.
"In case after case, the perpetrators of these acts - not just those who directed the acts from the top, but also those who either enacted or facilitated them on the ground - were in thrall to narratives of injustice and victimhood that made them feel entitled to act as they did, and that seemingly silenced the demands of their individual consciences."
This was an incredibly confronting book and at times it was hard to absorb the sheer scale of the atrocities, but Behar does an excellent job at interspersing the vivid scenes of genocide (often based on a personal retelling from sole survivors) with calm scenes in court rooms or simply passages in reflection on humanity. The awful details are not provided to shock, but to bear witness.
Reading this in Kosovo, and after visiting Serbia and Albania recently, made it all the more vivid because I'd been to lots of the places named in the book and knew of most of the rest. To be able to safely walk the same streets today is a relief, but also to know what happened here not so long ago is haunting. The war is still visible today, from population that is mostly quite young, to the bad roads, to the very new apartment buildings, to the memorials to missing or dead people in most towns... This book gave me the background I was seeking on Kosovo's recent history, and the many sources contained within it provide ample further reading for me down the track.
Next on my list for Balkans history reading is Slavenka Drakulić's They Would Never Hurt a Fly, another examination of the prosecutions at the ICTY, except from the point of view of a Croatian woman simply observing the proceedings rather than participating in them.
Elliott Behar's Tell It to the World is both very important and very difficult to read.
As a former war crimes prosecutor, Behar was responsible for trying to help the families of the many victims of genocide in Kosovo find some degree of justice and closure. He didn't always succeed, as this book shows, but he did important work and a lot of that work - as well as the atrocities that necessitated it - is covered in these pages.
As befitting the subject matter, this is a grim and often frustrating account. But it should be required reading for anyone with a passion for human rights and criminal and international justice.
(Please note: I am reviewing an Advanced Reader Copy of the text.)
SUMMARY of Review: Behar’s prose on a purely literary level is exquisite. He writes a compelling story, even when his text is focused on explaining technicalities that are not at first blush interesting. Filled with first-hand accounts from both sides of the war, Behar’s book masterfully documents this underwritten genocide. Given the increasing tension between the Muslim world and the Judeo/Christian world, this book is of critical importance, adding another account of the ever-increasing divide between the two groups. Perhaps most well established is Behar’s inquiry into the Hague’s involvement in prosecuting the crimes committed during the war, and offers well needed advice on how to make international criminal justice, the Hague, better at meetings its lofty goals. My only problem with “Tell It to the World,” and the reason why I am giving this book four instead of fives stars, is Behar’s failed attempt at defining “justice.” I found his inquiry into what “justice” means to be anemic and perhaps even misguided and dangerously validating to the wrong crowd. Overall, “Tell It to the World” is an important and great read, and should be read because of the events in Kosovo it documents and the clearly written and explained international judicial response that followed; however, the reader should read this book, as every book, with a critical eye keen not to blanket-accept every principle that is written.
FULL REVIEW: Eliott Behar, a Canadian prosecutor at the Hague, states that his book sets out to help answer three questions: how the 1999 genocide in Kosovo came to be, how humans can be exceedingly violent, and where international criminal justice fits within the context of the Kosovo crisis. Behar’s lucid, compelling, and concise prose attempts to guide the reader to these answers through the narratives from both victims and victimizers as documented in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Though I found Behar’s “Tell It to the World” to be extremely well-written, and of great value; Behar does not answers the first two questions satisfactorily, and I think he would agree with that assessment given some of the comments he makes later in the text; however, his answer to international criminal justice’s place is well stated and of critical importance to the field of international criminal law, in particular the role of the Hague, and more specifically the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia investigating the Kosovo crisis and war crimes.
As to answering how the crisis came to be, Behar mostly focuses on the most immediate history of the Balkans, and when he does examine the rich and complicated history of the area, he does so with broad strokes that too narrowly focus on advancing his narrative. For example, Behar doesn’t really explain adequately the Balkan Wars, World War I and the establishment of Yugoslavia, and especially post-World War II with the rise and takeover of the communists – all moments in time that are directly relevant to the events in the 1990’s. At one point he mentions the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, however he doesn’t explain the aftereffects and reorganization of the Balkans after the fall (I and II Balkan Wars…later sparking WWI!) He also glosses over the establishment of the former Yugoslavia, which is exactly what ultimately led to the crisis in the Balkans of the 1990s –Yugoslavia was and did break up compelling Serbian leadership to assert its dominance and power over the region and ethnic groups.
I don’t fault Behar for this narrowed approach because this relative small, digestible book would have become a 700-page tome had he really answered how the Kosovo crisis came to pass. Further, later in the book Behar calls out the narrowing of his focus, noting the limits of his inquiry and the reasoning behind them. What Behar does do with great skill, is write about the most immediate causes for the violence and genocide in Kosovo. He also documents the systematic cover-up of genocide and atrocities in Kosovo, cover-ups which in and of themselves help establish the guilt and self-awareness amongst the Serbian leadership that they were committing crimes beyond the “call of justice.”
Behar’s second question is an inquiry into how humans can be so violent, and is much too broad of a question for the context with which he is focused. Having said that, Behar is exceedingly good at pointing out that there are two sides to this story, and that violence – particularly in this case – was often the result of groups feeling “unjustly” treated. Behar then attempts to define “justice” for the reader, and link the pursuit of justice to the commission of violent acts. (More on Behar’s use and definition of “justice” below).
Behar’s final question sets out to answer how international criminal justice, more specifically the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, fits into the Kosovo crisis. Behar excels in answering this extremely important question. His answers go beyond the most obvious questions about how the international judicial process works. The author actually considers the psychological toll testimony can take on the witnesses though his first-hand experience. He considers the usefulness of particular types of evidence, and even suggests how the Hague’s tribunals should consider chains of evidence to establish facts to make better use of witness testimony and court time. Behar also explains the challenges with sentencing war criminals. I found most interesting his explanations on why “18 years” of detention is considered by some to be an adequate sentence for a criminal found guilty of committing crimes leading to the deaths of hundreds or thousands of innocent people. He also explains why the court focuses on seemingly unimportant facts from witness testimony, while appearing to ignore the human-tragedy elements of witnesses’ stories. For example, a witness might be providing testimony about the systematic extermination of women and children, yet the prosecution and defense might focus on the color of a vehicle present at the scene. Behar doesn’t stop there, his analysis on the invalidation felt by witnesses after such inquiry is something all prosecutors (and defense attorneys) should consider. Behar also offers suggestions in how witnesses’ alienation can be curtailed though proper witness preparation and explanation.
If you are concerned that this book may be too hard to understand because of the legal inquiries, do not be alarmed. Behar deftly explains complicated legal procedures and rules of evidence, including explaining the particularities and uniqueness of the Hague and this particular tribunal. This book is detailed enough, and has sufficient legal depth to be useful to attorneys, while at the same time being clear enough to be understood by laypersons. Furthermore, if you are not interested in the legal aspects after the war, but are instead interested in the details of the war crimes, this book will also suit you because Behar spends the majority of the text detailing many atrocities, while inserting long passages (often testimony) from both sides.
Though I thoroughly enjoyed “Tell it to the World,” I take one main issue with the author’s opinion. At the outset Behar states that he is motivated to explain “justice,” stating, “It became equally apparent that notions of justice, and the pursuit of justice, had also been used to motivate and perpetuate these atrocities in the first place.” (from the galley edition). Henceforth Behar interlaces his text with an ever-evolving, self-acquired definition of “justice.” It’s not that I disagree with some of Behar’s conclusions, so much as I disagree with the method he used to arrive at them. At no point does Behar define “justice” using authoritative sources such as dictionary definitions, laws and rules, and religious concepts about justice according to all sides of the war. Considering a major endeavor of Behar’s is to show the incongruities, conflations, and fluidity of what justice means, a much more thorough inquiry into “justice” as it is understood by the participants in the war and the readers of his book is needed to accurately ground his arguments. His arrival at a definition of “justice” where there are two sides to every coin is weak because he fails to define what the coin looks like to begin with. Had Behar laid out his argument and summation of “justice” more thoroughly, I may not have taken issue with this topic within “Tell It to the World” - even if I still disagreed with Behar’s conclusion.
Personally, I believe that Behar confuses “justice” with “retribution.” It could be (is likely) “just” to convict a criminal of a crime and hold him accountable for his actions, but it may not be “just” to kill his family. That said, a conviction of a crime might not fulfill man’s desire for retribution; however, killing his family might, which isn’t to say that killing his family was also “just.” More directly, though a Serbian militant might have claimed he was murdering Albanian children in the name of justice because of an atrocity committed by an Albanian against a Serbian, the listener/reader does not have to accept the Serbian’s use of the word “justice” as accurate. Furthermore, the actions of the Hague which are derived at to reach some form of “justice” is not the same “justice” sought by the Serbian militant who rationalizes killing innocent young children in the name of justice.
In conclusion: “Tell It to the World” is an important and great read, and should be read because of the events it documents and the international judicial response that followed; however, the reader should read this book, as every book, with a critical eye keen not to blanket-accept every principle that is written.
I have always been fascinated by studying WW2 history and the holocaust. The reality that humans can treat one another so cruelly and perpetuate such hateful crimes is almost unbelievable. I had a vague understanding of some of the events that unfolded in the Balkans in the 90s, however, I was just a teen at the time and didn't pay too much attention. In 2017 my family did a road trip through the Balkans, visiting Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Slovenia. Seeing the evidence and the scars of war still so clearly obvious, particularly in Bosnia, made me want to know more. It isn't an empty fascination. Not with the holocaust, nor with the Balkan tragedies. It's a desire to want to know why, to understand what can lead people to act in such ways. Hoping that if understanding can be found, even just a little, that these types of tragedies can be prevented. My thoughts and feelings go much deeper and are so very complex. Let me just say this book is fantastic in its storytelling and its recording of events.
Tell It to the World is a powerful account of Kosovo and the pursuit of international justice. Read alongside The Butcher’s Trail: How the Search for Balkan War Criminals Became the World’s Most Successful Manhunt, it offers a comprehensive, layered understanding of why the Yugoslav wars unfolded and how the world responded. Where The Butcher’s Trail captures the mechanics of tracking down perpetrators, Tell It to the World gives voice to the victims and the struggle to make their stories heard. Together, the two books form an essential, compelling narrative — the missing piece in my reading of the Balkans.
I was indeed impressed by this book and the way the author presents facts and arguments about what happened in Kosovo during the late 90s. I've read several books about the war in my country, but this one is unique. What makes it so special is that it is victim/survivor-centered. The narrative stories provided by war survivors are so painful, but also very authentic and genuine. Without any doubt, I would strongly recommend it to anyone, especially to those who dare to speak in the name of war victims.
This is an excellent book written by a prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. He seamlessly weaves three different topics- international justice in general, how the process was applied in this case, as well as descriptions of the atrocities committed against Kosovar Albanians in the late 90’s(after the larger Balkan conflict had ended). It all flows together seamlessly and I found myself completely engrossed. What is really surprising is that this is his first book. Highly recommended for anyone interested in the king troubles in the Balkans.
The author provides an interesting (although brief) glimpse into the inner workings of the ICTY, contrasting it with how criminal law in Canada works. It is rather one sided, however, hence 3 stars rather than 4.
I've never thought of an international tribunal this way. What's great about this book is that you get to see the whole picture of the daily life at the tribunal. And it's not black and white, it can be rewarding and frustrating, boring and exciting, bureaucratic and emotional. Never before have I thought about survivors' hopes in the tribunal's sentences or about who will be punished and who won't and the reasons behind. Eliott Behar managed somehow to describe all of these in a uniquely manner, you see the good and you see the bad. Plus on several occasions he went further and made some psychological observations. This way, facts that are inexplicable at first start to make sense all of a sudden. There are many reasons people react the way they do and we often tend to misjudge them by seeing just one side of the story. Very good read.
I found the topic of this book interesting, the war that broke what was Yugolsavia or to be more accurate the war that broke it apart. I didn't like how the book was laid out, I would have preferred a chronological order instead of the leaping back and forth between past and present. Also, I got the feeling that the author assumed that the person reading knew of the events. Now back in 1999, I was a twenty-something adult and I had no clue as to what was going on in that side of the world.
I could feel for all those involved, not only the survivors but the people who had to testify and turn on their peers. But I had no clue that there was an international tribual court. And reading about that, was interesting.
This was a very interesting and well written book that deals with a very difficult topic. He gave a very good explanation of the conflict in Kosovo and I found the details about the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia very interesting and not something that I had read all that much about. I also really liked how touched on the underlying reasons for how one group can do this to another and then how members of that group deal with it, often by denying it. Definitely worth the read.
Behar did an amazing job at depicting what justice is and what drives certain injustices to occur. I respect the perspective he took on trying to explain that, at the end of the day, we all have the same fears and ambitions and it is only through seeing our similarities with others, rather than our differences, that we can move towards a more peaceful world.
This was an excellent book. The way the author went back & forth between the time of the atrocities and the trial and how it was handled made it an easier read. I can't wait for his next book.
An incredible book. I could barely put it down, it gave amazing insight into what took place in the Balkans in the 1990, and it fundamentally changed the way I think about justice.