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Personality Plus: How to Understand Others by Understanding Yourself

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Each of the following statements relates to one of the four basic personality types: Melancholy, Phlegmatic, Sanguine, and Choleric. Which do you relate to most? - I am well organised and keep everything in its proper place. - I find it hard to express excitement, even about something that's really important to me. - Sometimes I forget where I parked the car. - I get annoyed when my employees don't follow my instructions to the letter. In this revised and expanded edition, Florence Littauer provides valuable insight into your God-given personality and reveals how your unique blend of traits affects your emotions, work performance, and relationships. She also provides keys to understanding those around you. You will discover how to accept - and even enjoy - the traits that make each of us so different. Personality Plus is the tool you need to change your life for the better.

208 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1983

846 people are currently reading
11504 people want to read

About the author

Florence Littauer

115 books59 followers
Florence Littauer is a Christian self-help author and public speaker. Littauer is best known for her series of books based upon the Personality Plus personality system. She was listed as one of Helen K. Hosier's "100 Christian Women Who Changed the Twentieth Century" and has received the National Speakers Association's Council of Peers Award for Excellence and has been designated by them as a Certified Speaking Professional.

--From Wikipedia

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5 stars
5,209 (49%)
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3 stars
1,696 (16%)
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1 star
180 (1%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 550 reviews
Profile Image for Sean Showalter.
30 reviews2 followers
January 29, 2023
This book helped me gain a deep and accurate picture of myself. In addition, it has helped me to understand others. I regret that I was introduced to it so late in my life. In my opinion, this book should be a requisite in every high school in America. I strongly encourage everyone to read it.

Synopsis
There are 4 basic personality types created by some ancient Greek dude back in the day. All of us humans will have characteristics of each type. You take a personality assessment in the beginning of the book to determine your strongest types. If you're like me, you'll have 1 dominant type, and a second sub-dominant type. It seems that most of us are wired that way, but that is not always the case. Some of us will be more balanced.

Then the book goes into detail about the strengths/weaknesses of each type and how to overcome your handicaps and accept them in others. The author further offers some suggestions on how to improve relations with people based on the knowledge of the different personality types and being able to identify those in yourself and others.

I had many "holy cow!" moments when reading this book and found it a real joy. Anytime I learn amazing and insightful information that is instantly applicable to my life I get excited! This book will change your life if you've never been exposed to this information before.

My perspective has changed as a result of the information passed on to me from reading Personality Plus and the author has delivered on her intent on making a "better me" through the understanding of different personality types and the application of that new-found knowledge in my personal relationships.

Need I say more? :)
Profile Image for Kate.
200 reviews
December 29, 2016
I thought this book was pretty gimmicky. The conceit of it is that there are four basic "temperaments": Popular Sanguine, Peaceful Phlegmatic, Powerful Choleric, and Perfect Melancholy. The idea is that you can identify your own tendencies and those of the people you interact with, and adapt suitably. For example, Popular Sanguines are fun, talkative, outgoing, have great ideas & get fired up about them, but they are flaky, self-centered, & lack organization & follow through. So maybe they could lead the meeting and get everyone excited, but then delegate so that others will get the details properly taken care of. Perfect Melancholies are introverted and analytical, organized, easily depressed, and pessimistic. Powerful Cholerics are extroverted optimistic "doers" who make good leaders, but can be controlling, bossy, and stubborn, & don't have much use for friends. Peaceful Phlegmatics are easy-going, happy, relaxed, but unexciting, resistant to change, & can seem wishy-washy or lazy because they are laid-back.
My first "problem" with this book is the test one can take to identify their type. There were forty rows of words, four across, and you must select which one of each row of four best applies to you. The thing that I found weird was that each set of four words had nothing necessarily in common other than starting with the same letter, which to me seems like an odd contrivance. For example, instead of deciding where you are on a continuum, like "shy, reserved, outgoing, or bold" you must decide if you are:
persistent, playful, persuasive, or peaceful
refreshing, reserved, respectful, or resourceful
orderly, obliging, outspoken, or optimistic
impatient, insecure, indecisive, or interrupts
worrier, withdrawn, workaholic, or wants credit

I think that you can get a murky idea at best, as several or none of the words from each row might fit you. Then on top of that, you can end up with a fairly even distribution between two or more types, so you are, say, a sanguine with choleric tendencies, or whatever.
So basically, it comes down to: There are all different types of people out there who think and behave differently, have different strengths & weaknesses, get along well or not well with certain other personalities or situations, and respond well to different types of communication & behavior. Gee, thanks! I never knew that different people are, um, different from one another.
The take-away from this book, I guess, is to pay attention to yourself & others, and try to play to your own & one another's strengths, and try to mitigate weaknesses. Which is good advice, of course. But although there are some good (if seemingly overstated) examples, it is not rocket science, or really, any kind of science.
Profile Image for Seno Pamungkas.
22 reviews36 followers
March 13, 2008
Buku ini sangat bermanfaat utk dapat memahami diri sendiri dan orang lain...
Menurut buku ini, karakter seseorang digolongkan menjadi empat karakter :
1. Sanguinis
2. Melankolis
3. Koleris
4. Phlegmatis
Tiap orang memiliki keempat karakter itu. Namun tiap orang memiliki perbedaan mengenai dominasi karakter dalam dirinya ke dalam dua karakter dominan...
Kalau kita lihat dari penggabungan itu karakter seseorang dibagi menjadi :
1. Sanguini Koleris
2. Koleris Sanguinis
3. Sanguinis Phlegmatis
4. Phlegmatis Sanguinis
5. Melankolis Koleris
6. Koleris Melankolis
7. Melankolis Phlegmatis
8. Phlegmatis Melankolis
Di dalam buku ini dijelaskan bagaimana seseorang harus bersikap terhadap org lain bila menghadapi seseorang yang berkarakter tertentu. Dan di dalam buku ini juga dibahas bagaimana seseorang mengetahui siapa diri dia sebenarnya. Dan menjadikan karakternya menjadi sebuah kelebihan.
Mau test ? silahkan download dari attachment di situs ini (Indonesian Version)
Meskipun di situ tercantum genrenya adalah Science, buku ini sangat tidak membosankan. Justru penulis memaparkan dalam bentuk beberapa kisah hidupnya....Interesting !!!
Bagaimana keterangan dari karakter Anda, cek di buku ini....ok?
Check this out !!
Profile Image for Angie.
1,379 reviews262 followers
July 30, 2014
I very seldom read non-fiction, and even less than that do I read self-help books. That’s more hubby’s kind of thing. Me? I love my fiction. A few months ago at the office, a colleague was telling me about a book he and his wife were reading that teaches you to understand who you are and thus will help you understand others. The way he explained it, I was intrigued, and naturally I also wanted to read this book which sounded as though it might have life-changing powers. I have an analytical mind, and it just so happens that this book agrees that I have, so it should come as no surprise then that the minute said colleague borrowed me his copy of Personality Plus, I jumped right in. I even discovered what sort of personality hubby has (Peaceful Phlegmatic) and how it balances out with my own personality (Perfect Melancholy).

The book is infused with humor and the descriptions of each personality (there are four) are short and to the point. No unnecessarily long and tedious descriptions, and the author uses scenarios of her and her husband’s experiences (before and after they knew about the different personality types) which often had me smiling and to which I could easily relate.

Did this book change my life? Only time will tell. It was informative and interesting, and made me realize that there are things about us we simply cannot change. We can, however, adapt and compromise, but most personality traits, the ones we are born with, are nearly impossible to change. For instance: my personality type (Perfect Melancholy) cannot deal with chaos and disorder. I’m idealistic, I like lists, I like to analyze problems and study people, and I want things in my life to be in a neat and orderly fashion. My motto: if it’s worth doing, it’s worth doing right. I’ll never compromise on quality. Those are the things about myself I cannot change. I can change my bad habits, my negative thought patterns, and improve myself in little ways, but I cannot change the traits with which I was born. I always knew this, but now I have a firm understanding of what the difference is between personality and habits formed over the course of my life without realizing it has become habit. Maybe now I won’t be so hard on myself.

Another important insight I gained from this book is how my personality stacks up with hubby’s. His personality (Peaceful Phlegmatic) includes being easygoing and relaxed (which, to my dismay, might explain why we’re always late for appointments). According to Personality Plus he is also agreeable, good under pressure, easy to get along with, and doesn’t get upset easily. It sounds like we’re a good match, and I agree. Like any other marriage, we also have our quarrels and disagreements, but at least now I understand him a little bit better.

So there you have it. It’s probably not a life-changing read, but it might make a difference in your way of thinking if you take the time to understand the four different personality types. It also helped me to understand certain things about my children, and how to deal with their behavior. Final verdict: Personality Plus is without a doubt a worthwhile read.
Profile Image for Andrea Norton.
155 reviews7 followers
November 13, 2016
While I have it set at two stars, it's actually a 1.5 star book, in my opinion.

I picked up Personality Plus at the store because it sounded fun and interesting. Self help books have become a huge part of my life since Christmas 2015, when I had a serious mental crash and put myself through a rigorous "get better" program. Included in the broad category of self help are personality books. I read them for fun now, but also to learn, grow and see things from different perspective.

First, I have to get this out of the way: I have never met any man who has ever even dreamed of talking to his wife the way Littauer's husband talks to her. She is "embarrassing," "stupid," and "wrong," so often that I began to despise reading about him. This isn't a clash of personalities - this is a person who has a problem. Trying to change her core, who she is... that's not okay and not something to model yourself after.

Some of the stories in this book are flat out unbelievable. I had a hard time taking anything away from them because they're so out there, so first-world problems that nothing could be gained from them. I understand the world is full of many types of people, but nearly all of them are uptight, cushioned individuals? No. Not even close.

While this is a quick read, there is not much depth here at all. Maybe it's because I'm coming off of some really serious, mind-blowing books. Maybe it's because I was so distracted and put off by most of the people used as examples. Maybe I just expected too much from this one. Whatever it is, this book fell extremely flat for me.

I enjoy books with tests and exercises in them. They're fun, interesting and can teach you a lot about yourself. However, the personality test in this one seemed more of words put together without any relation to each other. I found it difficult to choose between some of the choices because they didn't relate at all.

I can't recommend this one, unfortunately. If you do pick it up, read it with an open mind but a healthy dose of skepticism. This book has been very useful and life changing to other readers, but it just didn't do it for me.
4 reviews1 follower
September 13, 2011
I do not exaggerate when I tell you this book saved my family. We had 4 children we homeschooled until high school. I was a full time homemaker and on call 24/7. I was stressed out, worn out, and guilted out by my inability to communicate effectively with these 4 short humans. I thought I would lose my mind! Then, probably about 1987, I read this book and it changed my life and the lives of my kids (and husband). It has held me in good stead through church activities, jobs, public school meetings and a dozen other situations.

This book will give you the tools to roughly categorize the temperaments of the people in your life and reveal to you how to love them, live with them, and work with them. What job will most likely satisfy a co-worker or committee member. Why certain people just aren't "cut out" for certain jobs. And why your husband insists on every book on the shelf being the same height irregardless of any other issues.

It's simple and straightforward, easy to read and understand, and most important? It's easy to implement. Every HR director should have to read this book. It's a gem.
56 reviews53 followers
July 17, 2018
The author lost me at the personality test. I mean what does outspoken and orderly have in common? Or any of the words in a single row? What kind of data driven research or critical thinking is involved in it?

The book is pseudoscience and doesn't deserve a review or a read.
Profile Image for vivek.
15 reviews
February 4, 2017
Too much of repetitive content . The crux of the book could have been covered in a 20 page essay
Profile Image for Jon.
838 reviews251 followers
April 30, 2009
3.5 stars

I read this book for a spiritual growth study sponsored through the Women's Ministry at my church. Our leader, Vicki Olsen, was an inspiring teacher.

I've taken many personality tests over the years, mostly sponsored by my employer, but this study was comprehensive, eye-opening and very helpful to my understanding of interacting with family and co-workers.
Profile Image for an.
764 reviews22 followers
March 18, 2008
bagi yg ingin tau sifat dominannya, buku yg tepat. aku baru tau da 4 sifat dominan manusia dan aku salah satunya. coba tebak apa?
Profile Image for Charissa.
Author 19 books81 followers
April 15, 2019
This book blew me away. I didn't pick it up with any serious intention of really enjoying it. I thought it'd be another boring book to help explain personalities and help me as I write characters for my books. But this was a pleasant, inspiring surprise. As I did the personality test and began delving deeper into the book, I stopped only reading for intellectual/working knowledge and started learning about myself. The title said I would, but I hadn't believe it. :) Now I do.

This really helped me discover things about myself I had never pieced together in my 50 years of life. As I began to understand why I did things certain ways or was bothered by certain traits in others, and then learned about other temperaments and why they did things the way they did--I could see family members, friends, associates in all the different personalities...and it explained so much about why they are like they are or do what they do.

I highly recommend this book to everyone. I feel that it made me understand not only myself better, but others as well...and I feel more confident that when I go into a room with a large amount of people next time, I will be a lot less judgmental, a lot more patient, and a lot more understanding with how everyone acts differently in the same situation. And I will appreciate that we all are so different and thank God for the differences even.

One of my favorite things about this book was how it encourages the reader to play to your strengths and overcome the weaknesses inherent in each personality so you can become the best You possible. It really was inspirational. I took tons of notes and plan on studying them and working on my weaknesses and strengthening my strengths in the future. I read this on Kindle Unlimited, but like it enough that I plan on buying my own copy for future reference. It's one I want to have sitting on my library shelf.
Profile Image for Daniel Taylor.
Author 4 books95 followers
December 18, 2016
An evergreen favourite amongst network marketers, "Personality Plus" teaches you about yourself. In doing so, it frees you up to understand others. It's a well-written and enjoyable classic. Read this book to learn practical skills in how you can more readily accept and support others in your life.
Profile Image for Jagoda.
70 reviews
August 6, 2016
Such a great book- it actually made me realise how different we all are. Loved it, seriously. btw, I'm definitely a Popular Sanguine mixed with other personallities :)
Profile Image for Siobhain.
437 reviews44 followers
April 18, 2018
Personality Plus was helpful for our family when we read it almost twenty years ago. Like most families, we had the most trouble between family members with widely different temperaments because both children and adults could only see the world through their own ways of thinking and reacting. Personality Plus helped each member of our family to understand and appreciate his own temperament as well as the temperaments of each other. In a lighthearted manner, Mrs. Littauer illustrates the different temperaments with infectiously humorous stories. Most of our family reading sessions included many laughs as we read the book aloud together. The children would later enjoy rereading the funny stories to themselves. Are you a Popular Sanguine, a Perfect Melancholy, a Powerful Choleric, or a Peaceful Phlegmatic? Today there are helpful tests online to help you make this determination, but reading this book helps one to see each temperament in relationship to others and will help anyone to appreciate the different temperaments.
Profile Image for Jenna Whalen.
348 reviews3 followers
November 27, 2019
I am a huge fan of personality tests (especially the enneagram), so I was curious about this book and this specific personality test.

I have to say I don't think Personality Plus is a good personality test or way to grow. Any personality thing where there are 4 options immediately raises a red flag for me. You're telling me every person fits into 1 of 4 categories? Yes, I understand everyone has a unique blend of categories with one being higher than most (usually), but only 4 is way too little. Look at the enneagram and MBI. They have over double.

As I was reading this, I thought each type sounded like an extremely unhealthy version of certain enneagram numbers. And each story about someone she gave made me think, "this person sounds extremely unhealthy and terrible. Why does anyone want to hang out with them?" I also thought that she had to be exaggerating because there is no way people actually act like the stories she told (she did say her type does tend to exaggerate stories, so in the back of my mind I kept wondering if she was falling into this).

Bottom line, I would not recommend this personality test to help you see your strengths and weaknesses (also let's talk about how this book classifies introversion as a weakness *rolls eyes*). This is a very limiting test and won't help you get out of your box. I didn't see myself as any of this types - a little bit of a few of them, sure, but I can't say I'm definitely one type over the other. If you want to grow and work on weaknesses, please look into a different personality test (I highly suggest the enneagram).
2 reviews
October 25, 2011
This is one of my top 10 books that I think folks should have. It describes the 4 basic personality/temperament types that are found in people. It's similar to other resources that cover the 4 temperaments like the following:


Littauer......Keven Leman....Gary Smally...http://www.discprofile.com/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Choloric.......Great Dane.....Lion...............Dominance
Sanguin........Yorkie............Otter..............Influence
Phlegmatic...Irish Setter.....Retriever.......Steadiness
Melancholy..Poodle............Beaver...........Concientiousness

Leman and Smally are both authors who have dealt with this subject in their writings.

Whatever resource you see or whatever name you put to the 4 types, knowing and understanding all 4 will help you to understand yourself, both strengths and weaknesses, recognize and understand the strengths and weaknesses of others, (and thus allowing you to both work with others strengths and through their weaknesses and be accept that the person with a given personality will not be good at certain tasks or skills and to expect them do them well is to ask a dog to go "meow" or "moo".)




Profile Image for Ryan Morton.
165 reviews
January 13, 2019
A powerful book with a put-to-immediate-use approach to improve your life. I've struggled to explain the differences I've observed in the people I experience, but this book explains well the different personalities.

In particular, it highlights how we can overcome our limitations and leverage our strengths. If this weren't enough, it goes on to explain how we can recognize and handle others personality profiles.

If you interact with other people and/or want to better understand yourself, then read this book.
Profile Image for Lidyawati.
7 reviews6 followers
October 20, 2007
it's really really a must-read-book!! =D

i read this book in a long long long time ago =D

there are 4 human characteristics are explained, such as Sanguin (the talkative & party lover), Melancholic (perfectionist in every thing), Choleric (the leader, influencer, & motivator), Phlegmatic (the cool & peacemaker)..

this book also provide psychology test so we can get what kind of a person who we are =D!
Profile Image for Claironide Pl.
14 reviews1 follower
December 18, 2019
The book gives good insight however the author generalized too much. It was a hard read for me and I had to force myself to finish it before the new year. I wish she had talked more about the combinaison as most people have a crossbreed of 2 of the personality. The book would do better for me without chapter 17. She planted a seed in me about personalities and I thank her for that.
Profile Image for Evelīna Astrātova.
78 reviews3 followers
June 18, 2019
runātāji, domātāji, darītāji, vērotāji.. iespēja gan atpazīt un izanalizēt savu temperamentu, gan paskatīties uz līdzcilvēku pazīmēm, izpausmēm, īpašībām.
un vēlreiz par to, cik bieži vēlamo uztveram par esošo!

“temperaments ir patiesais es, bet personība- apģērbs, proti, tas, ko rādām citiem.”

ļoti patika grāmatas nodaļu sadalījums, informācijas izkārtojums, pārskatāmība, autores iekļautie pieredzes stāsti, novērojumi par dažādu temperamentu cilvēkiem un salīdzinājumi, cik dažādi mēs bieži vien reaģējam uz vienu un to pašu notikumu/situāciju.

lai gan grāmata pati par sevi bija ļoti izvērsti piepildīta ar visu un vēl pa virsu tam ar papildus info, tomēr kopaina bija ļoti kodolīga un vienkārši saprotama. tagad visiem rokās gribu ielikt testu un publiskos pasākumos analizēt atnākušo temperamentus haha.. :))

“taču mēs nedrīkstam šīs zināšanas izmantot tam, lai kritizētu apkārtējos vai piespraustu tiem noteiktas etiķetes. tās mums vajadzīgas savstarpējo attiecību uzlabošanai.”

lasot patiesi ieraudzīju sevi no malas un izpratu, kāpēc neveidojas patīkamas un pozitīvas attiecības ar kādiem konkrētiem indīvīdiem vai pat veselām indivīdu grupām. es iesaku ikvienam, jo varbūt beidzot kā holeriķe iemācīšos iecietību un līdzjūtību, un tu kā flegmatiķis izkāpsi no dīvāna un atradīsi pašmotivāciju.

iesaku, iesaku un vēlreiz iesaku!! (ja ne šo, tad kaut ko par temperamentu izlasi noteikti!)
Profile Image for Bob Gao.
78 reviews1 follower
August 19, 2018
I would be really happy if I could read this book years ago.

Really amazing insights on personality.

Nowerdays, in our company we use insight colors and in this book, it uses popular, powerful pefect, peaceful.

Myself been a Blue color, my wife a Red color and my.boss a Yellow color. I feel impressed how accurate it descripes the different colors personality around me.

It is a book worthwhile to read several times and use different personality samples to practice.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Anna Marija Reidzāne.
85 reviews11 followers
December 12, 2018
Viena no retajām grāmatām, kurā aprakstīti ne tikai četri temperamenta tipi un to īpašības, bet pieļauti arī krustojumi, izņēmumi, izskaidrotas attiecības starp dažādu vai vienādu tipu cilvēkiem. Vērtīga grāmata, ja vēlies uzzināt vairāk par personības tipiem, bet negribi lasīt sarežģītu literatūru.
Author 4 books19 followers
February 28, 2019
I loved this book. It was very helpful in understanding my own temperament and those around me.

I felt some of it was a little klunky as a read, but all in all, a great read with a lot of good information.

But maybe that's just my melancholic nature speaking. Lol.

I would definitely recommend this book to others. I think it could help a lot of people and increase tolerance and understanding.
Profile Image for Verónica.
3 reviews
January 29, 2025
Recomendado para todo aquel que quiera entenderse así mismo y a los demás. Ayuda a identificar personalidades de manera entretenida y fácil. Aunque tiene textos bíblicos son pocos y no invaden lo que la autora quiere comunicar porque sirven de complemento. Además el libro se hace divertido gracias a las vivencias contadas por la escritora.
Profile Image for Liusmiler323.
108 reviews
December 21, 2018
As i have seen most of its ideas in other books, i just reviewed the subtitles quickly and finished this book in 2 hours( the fastest speed i ever had). the most interesting parts of this book is its categorization of four types of people and the analysis of different mixes of the four. All in all, a good book, but not a great book...
Profile Image for Jelena.
144 reviews15 followers
January 25, 2021
Simpatična i opuštajuća knjiga sa lijepom porukom da je svako od nas jedinstven.
Profile Image for Jen.
35 reviews
August 20, 2021
Awesome book to help you understand yourself and others, and most importantly, how to function with them. I wish I had read it when I was younger, life would've been so much easier.
Profile Image for anna .
47 reviews2 followers
May 8, 2022
voll mit vorurteilen und ganz ohne tiefe. ohne die vielen wiederholungen hätte man es in 10 seiten zusammenfassen können.
musste mir so oft gegen die stirn hauen bei der oberflächlichkeit die beschrieben wurde.
nicht empfehlenswert.
Profile Image for Oakley Whalen.
4 reviews1 follower
October 11, 2024
Easily written & to follow. It’s a bit religious but not overly in your face, just something to be aware of. Personally, not my favorite personality assessment but it was valuable enough information.
11 reviews1 follower
January 4, 2022
As the strengths are listed on page 24/25, I find that as a parent/friend, I am a straight Perfect Melancholy, yet more of my emotions are from my Sanguine side.
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