The sap is a little known, nearly forgotten impact weapon. Although it is small and concealable, it packs a wallop, which is why it was used by policemen for decades to deal with violent offenders. The history of the sap and its use in law enforcement is discussed, as well as civilian applications. “Maximum Force” teaches sap techniques for three different levels of threat, all along the use-of-force continuum, from minimum to maximum force. Richly photo illustrated.