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Finding the Right Hills to Die on: The Case for Theological Triage
In theology, just as in battle, some hills are worth dying on. But how do we know which ones? When should doctrine divide, and when should unity prevail? Pastor Gavin Ortlund makes the case that while all doctrines matter, some are more essential than others. He considers how and what to prioritize in doctrine and ministry, encouraging humility and grace along the way. Using four basic categories of doctrine in order of importance, this book helps new and seasoned church leaders alike wisely labor both to uphold doctrine and to preserve unity.
163 pages, Paperback
First published April 15, 2020
291 people are currently reading
5723 people want to read
About the author
Gavin Ortlund
24 books343 followersGavin Ortlund (PhD, Fuller Theological Seminary) is senior pastor at First Baptist Church of Ojai in Ojai, California. He was previously a research fellow for the Creation Project at the Carl F. H. Henry Center for Theological Understanding at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. He is the author of Finding the Right Hills to Die On, Theological Retrieval for Evangelicals, and Anselm's Pursuit of Joy.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 582 reviews
April 25, 2020
The Ortlund boys keep delivering this year! I loved this book. Every seminarian and church-leadership team should read it.
January 5, 2020
Was able to read a pre-release copy of this in view of providing an endorsement, which I was glad to do. Here's my blurb: "To put it simply: this is an important book. With an historian’s insight, a theologian’s precision, and a pastor’s wisdom, Gavin Ortlund has given the church an invaluable handbook for navigating our ongoing doctrinal challenges and for healing our ongoing doctrinal divisions."
June 6, 2020
Excelente libro, debería ser una lectura obligatoria antes de hablar de teología en Internet. Ortlund nos ayuda a identificar cuáles son las doctrinas por las que vale la pena luchar y cuáles son las doctrinas en las que podemos tener desacuerdos en paz. Ortlund nos exhorta a la humildad, recordándonos que no somos llamados ni al minimalismo doctrinal ni al sectarismo doctrinal.
April 5, 2022
Gracious, clear, accessible. Extremely well done. I nearly docked him a star for being ever-so-slightly in a different place than I am on creationism (though I still found his thoughts very helpful), but that didn't seem right! I do simply feel that the effects of old-earth views on theology are not commonly reported by proponents, but what can I expect? YEC weaknesses aren't reported by YEC proponents.
One thing I found very interesting and insightful was the way that Ortlund acknowledged that second-order issues can have ties to first-order ones.
Another great quote:
Another:
Everybody is some kind of fundamentalist: everybody separates, has lines of demarcation around a set of acceptable views, lines that keep out unacceptable ones. Everybody, I think, stratifies doctrine, from the irascible discernment blogger who seems to treat every doctrine as of first importance to the liberal who makes it all negotiable. The concept of theological triage is very important, precisely because I got that phrase "of first importance" from the Bible. Also, Jesus said that there are "weightier matters of the law." Some kind of thoughtful stratification is required. I know of no better model than the one provided by Ortlund.
Highly recommended.
One thing I found very interesting and insightful was the way that Ortlund acknowledged that second-order issues can have ties to first-order ones.
The Gospel Coalition sometimes faces criticism for affirming complementarianism in its foundation documents but not taking a position on, say, baptism. Isn’t it inconsistent to seek to be “gospel-centered” and yet have a position on issues that separate you from others who also love the gospel? Not necessarily. These are decisions of theological triage grounded in the fact that, as we saw in chapter 2, doctrines can be important to the gospel though not essential to it. Therefore, seeking to make the gospel central is not necessarily at odds with affirming the importance of various secondary issues. The TGC Confessional Statement affirms, as parallel examples, double imputation, a propitiating model of the atonement, divine election, and biblical inerrancy—doctrines that are disputed at times by other Christians within the boundaries of orthodoxy. Consider this analogy: Suppose you are starting an organization that purposes to re-center American legal practice back on the Constitution as the supreme law of the nation. Does this entail that your organization must be neutral on all issues related to constitutional law or subsequent American legal history? Of course not. Any effort to refocus on the center will inevitably engage at least some of the periphery. Similarly, it is false to think that just because an issue is distinct from the gospel, it has no bearing on the gospel. This is at the heart of the recognition of second-rank doctrines as a category.
Another great quote:
Some Christians are eager to defend sound doctrine. Well and good. But is the unity of the body of Christ one of those doctrines we jealously guard?
Another:
One note of caution: some of the most divisive issues among Christians concern not theological matters per se but cultural, wisdom, and political issues. For example, should Christians send their children to public schools or private schools or do home schooling? Under what circumstances, if any, may Christians drink alcohol? When and how (if at all) should reference to current political and cultural events be made in a church service? These are all important questions, but in this book I am focusing more on specifically theological matters.
Everybody is some kind of fundamentalist: everybody separates, has lines of demarcation around a set of acceptable views, lines that keep out unacceptable ones. Everybody, I think, stratifies doctrine, from the irascible discernment blogger who seems to treat every doctrine as of first importance to the liberal who makes it all negotiable. The concept of theological triage is very important, precisely because I got that phrase "of first importance" from the Bible. Also, Jesus said that there are "weightier matters of the law." Some kind of thoughtful stratification is required. I know of no better model than the one provided by Ortlund.
Highly recommended.
June 27, 2023
My first exposure to Gavin Ortlund was on a catholic podcast called Pints With Aquinas. I saw that he was taking part in a debate on Sola Scriptura with Trent Horn, so I jumped into the live stream video on youtube. Gavin was on the protestant side, Trent on the catholic side. I was impressed by the way Gavin carried himself in the debate, the grace of his language and his dedication to truth. I later watched his after-debate video on the same podcast Pints With Aquinas which I found to be truly refreshing. To see a protestant among intellectual Catholics not only able, but joyfully willing to have a fruitful God-centered conversation. This led the way down the youtube rabbit-hole where I began to watch Ortlund's videos on his Youtube channel Truth Unites, and I began to notice that his whole ministry had a trend. Uniting with believers without sacrificing truth in the process, being open to conversations between Catholics, Orthodox, and different types of protestants. Engaging with people online in a graceful way.
This trend in Ortlund's ministry can be read about in this book, where Gavin expounds on what he calls Theological Triage (an idea borrowed from Albert Mohler you can find here), or the placing of different doctrines into 3 categories of importance, the first category being the 'hill to die on', the last category being somewhat unimportant concerning our communion and relations with other believers. I find this approach to be a wise way to maneuver the theological battlefield between believers. Ortlund provides a lot of wisdom in this book encouraging the reader to self examine and ask themselves at the end of their lives, which battles would they be glad that they fought. A fantastic work in my opinion in the promotion of unity between the body of Christ. Something that we need now more than ever as the world becomes so increasingly polarized. Between politics, religion, etc, everyone is dividing over every little thing possible, and sadly this is occurring with a fervor in the church body itself, it is my opinion that Theological Triage could be one of the greatest evangelical tools in a Christian's arsenal. Merely getting along in 2023 is quite a defense for the gospel of Christ, especially if we all implemented it into our lives as Gavin has.
This trend in Ortlund's ministry can be read about in this book, where Gavin expounds on what he calls Theological Triage (an idea borrowed from Albert Mohler you can find here), or the placing of different doctrines into 3 categories of importance, the first category being the 'hill to die on', the last category being somewhat unimportant concerning our communion and relations with other believers. I find this approach to be a wise way to maneuver the theological battlefield between believers. Ortlund provides a lot of wisdom in this book encouraging the reader to self examine and ask themselves at the end of their lives, which battles would they be glad that they fought. A fantastic work in my opinion in the promotion of unity between the body of Christ. Something that we need now more than ever as the world becomes so increasingly polarized. Between politics, religion, etc, everyone is dividing over every little thing possible, and sadly this is occurring with a fervor in the church body itself, it is my opinion that Theological Triage could be one of the greatest evangelical tools in a Christian's arsenal. Merely getting along in 2023 is quite a defense for the gospel of Christ, especially if we all implemented it into our lives as Gavin has.
October 4, 2021
Dare I say required reading for all first year seminarians?
June 27, 2023
Too often, theological discussion generates more heat than light. Even doctrinal battles in churches that are theologically conservative rage, causing division and a general lack of unity. Such a concern led Gavin Ortlund to write Finding the Right HIlls to Die On. The author is not only concerned with the lack of unity in the body of Christ; he is zealous to show Christians who disagree how to leave in peace with one another.
The author contrasts doctrinal sectarianism with doctrinal minimalism and demonstrates how these extremes are not only damaging the church; they invite the watching world to look upon the bride of Christ with disdain. Ortlund writes, “When we notice the unhealthy symptoms of doctrinal sectarianism in our hearts, we need to return our deepest level of emotional loyalty to Jesus himself.”
Ortlund’s excellent work helps level the playing field and shows how followers of Christ who disagree can live in harmony despite their differences. Finding the Right Hills to Die On is an invitation to unity and a admonition to live in a way that serves of Christians and glorifies God in a simultaneous manner.
The great strength of Gavin Ortlund’s work is the promotion of humility. Readers familiar with Ortlund will confess that he is a theologically robust man who is intent on glorifying God in all things. The author adds, “The great impediment to theological triage is not a lack of theological skill or savvy but a lack of humility.” This is a man who has strong convictions about theological and is unashamed to proclaim it. Yet at the same time, he is eager to encourage Christians to pursue humility. This sentiment is found throughout the book and should be etched onto the hearts and minds of every reader.
Finding the Right Hills to Die On forges a gospel-centered path between commitment to the truth and concern for our brothers and sisters in Christ. It strikes the biblical balance between truth and grace. It is a book that was deeply meaningful to me, personally. I trust it will have the same effect on many other people.
The author contrasts doctrinal sectarianism with doctrinal minimalism and demonstrates how these extremes are not only damaging the church; they invite the watching world to look upon the bride of Christ with disdain. Ortlund writes, “When we notice the unhealthy symptoms of doctrinal sectarianism in our hearts, we need to return our deepest level of emotional loyalty to Jesus himself.”
Ortlund’s excellent work helps level the playing field and shows how followers of Christ who disagree can live in harmony despite their differences. Finding the Right Hills to Die On is an invitation to unity and a admonition to live in a way that serves of Christians and glorifies God in a simultaneous manner.
The great strength of Gavin Ortlund’s work is the promotion of humility. Readers familiar with Ortlund will confess that he is a theologically robust man who is intent on glorifying God in all things. The author adds, “The great impediment to theological triage is not a lack of theological skill or savvy but a lack of humility.” This is a man who has strong convictions about theological and is unashamed to proclaim it. Yet at the same time, he is eager to encourage Christians to pursue humility. This sentiment is found throughout the book and should be etched onto the hearts and minds of every reader.
Finding the Right Hills to Die On forges a gospel-centered path between commitment to the truth and concern for our brothers and sisters in Christ. It strikes the biblical balance between truth and grace. It is a book that was deeply meaningful to me, personally. I trust it will have the same effect on many other people.
May 20, 2025
I have read elsewhere about ranking the importance of doctrinal issues into four categories: Die, Divide, Debate, Decide. There are certain Christian doctrines so foundational we should be willing to die for, other doctrinal issues we may need to divide over, some should be debated about, while others we should just decide on.
I think Ortlund’s levels of theological triage are largely similar:
* First-rank doctrines are essential to the gospel itself (eg, the Trinity).
* Second-rank doctrines are urgent for the health and practice of the church such that they frequently cause Christians to separate at the level of local church, denomination, and/or ministry (eg, differences over baptism).
* Third-rank doctrines are important to Christian theology, but not enough to justify separation or division among Christians (eg, views on the millennium).
* Fourth-rank doctrines are unimportant to our gospel witness and ministry collaboration (eg, styles of worship music).
Ortlund highlights the need to avoid the extremes of doctrinal sectarianism (where every issue becomes critically important and damages church unity) and doctrinal minimalism (where our desire to get along and avoid disagreements leads to the view that these doctrinal issues don’t even matter). He devotes a chapter to each of these errors.
I believe Ortlund has it right, that we need to stress both the importance of church unity, and proper doctrine, but not all doctrines are of equal weight or import. And we may also disagree on which issues fall into which category, which is why the final chapter focuses on the value of humility.
Overall, another worthwhile book by Ortlund who has become one of my favorite current Christian writers.
I think Ortlund’s levels of theological triage are largely similar:
* First-rank doctrines are essential to the gospel itself (eg, the Trinity).
* Second-rank doctrines are urgent for the health and practice of the church such that they frequently cause Christians to separate at the level of local church, denomination, and/or ministry (eg, differences over baptism).
* Third-rank doctrines are important to Christian theology, but not enough to justify separation or division among Christians (eg, views on the millennium).
* Fourth-rank doctrines are unimportant to our gospel witness and ministry collaboration (eg, styles of worship music).
Ortlund highlights the need to avoid the extremes of doctrinal sectarianism (where every issue becomes critically important and damages church unity) and doctrinal minimalism (where our desire to get along and avoid disagreements leads to the view that these doctrinal issues don’t even matter). He devotes a chapter to each of these errors.
I believe Ortlund has it right, that we need to stress both the importance of church unity, and proper doctrine, but not all doctrines are of equal weight or import. And we may also disagree on which issues fall into which category, which is why the final chapter focuses on the value of humility.
Overall, another worthwhile book by Ortlund who has become one of my favorite current Christian writers.
July 10, 2025
"Pursuing the unity of the church does not mean that we should stop caring about theology. But it does mean that our love of theology should never exceed our love of real people, and therefore we must learn to love people amid our theological disagreements."
This book is primarily aimed towards Christians and I think is really helpful for believers. There's a lot of practical help for actually doing the theological triage. I liked his chapter on Secondary Issues a lot and his journey with seeking out scripture in defining the doctrines he believes in. He's got to be in a very niche category. This book is a good reminder to pursue unity with all believers, but also to know the bible and theology and see its importance as well. Don't be lazy with your theology.
"Calvin argued strenuously and at great length against the sin of schism, emphasizing that the church will always be mixed and imperfect until judgment day, and that much separatism comes from pride rather than holiness."
*Since I first read this in 2022, I've listened to some of Gavin's podcast content and have come to appreciate his pastoral heart as well, even though I would disagree with him on certain theological things, he seems to really live out what he preaches from this book which makes it all the better.
December 19, 2021
Doing an actual review because this book was so brilliant 😅
Rather than writing a list of all the *super important doctrines* out there, this book provides a framework for determining the importance of different ideas. More importantly though, it emphasizes the importance of grace and unity in the church, urging christians to disagree well and to approach doctrinal differences with humility and wisdom. Something I think everyone, very much including my sorry self, needs to do more of.
These weren't wildly new concepts to me, and I think a lot of people feel similarly about what Gavin Ortlund is talking about, but he does a great job of articulating it convictingly, so it's definitely worth a read. 6/5 stars ⭐
"Theological triage is, therefore, about far more than technical correctness in adjudicating this or that doctrine. It involves our whole posture toward theology. As one of the pastors I interviewed put it to me, having observed the lack of love christians often exhibit "It's not just about what you fight over, but about how you fight""
Rather than writing a list of all the *super important doctrines* out there, this book provides a framework for determining the importance of different ideas. More importantly though, it emphasizes the importance of grace and unity in the church, urging christians to disagree well and to approach doctrinal differences with humility and wisdom. Something I think everyone, very much including my sorry self, needs to do more of.
These weren't wildly new concepts to me, and I think a lot of people feel similarly about what Gavin Ortlund is talking about, but he does a great job of articulating it convictingly, so it's definitely worth a read. 6/5 stars ⭐
"Theological triage is, therefore, about far more than technical correctness in adjudicating this or that doctrine. It involves our whole posture toward theology. As one of the pastors I interviewed put it to me, having observed the lack of love christians often exhibit "It's not just about what you fight over, but about how you fight""
February 4, 2023
This book will be a paradigm changer for many. It is an absolutely excellent work. Ortlund is navigating the question of what issues are worth drawing dividing lines between Christian groups. One of Jesus’ prayers before going to the cross - and one of the longest prayers in Scripture - (the high priestly prayer) was for the unity of his followers. The unity of the church matters greatly to Jesus. However - Christians have many different views on many things and doctrines. How are Christians to navigate these differences? And if we are to divide, in what way should we divide?
Ortlund develops a four tiered system for navigating the importance of disagreements between Christians in their doctrinal convictions. All four also have differing ways Christians should divide as well. His four tiered system is as follows:
1. Doctrines which are essential to the Gospel
2. Doctrines which are essential for the health of the church and practice
3. Important doctrines theologically - but not enough to justify separation between Christian groups
4. Issues unimportant to gospel witness and ministry collaboration
Ortlund has created a very nuanced approach, and has spent much time thinking on and developing his system. Not only do these four tiers contain different theological beliefs, but Ortlund also details 4 ways in which believers are to ‘divide’ over these issues.
Tier one constitutes a division between Christian believers and unbelievers. It includes issues such as the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the bodily resurrection of Christ, and justification in Christ’s death through faith. Tier one is also the most drastic of all the dividing lines. These issues should be stood and fought for - albeit in a loving, humble, and Christ honoring way. Ortlund also helpfully emphasizes that there are many Christians who hold errant views in this category who are just ignorant of the details - or just haven’t studied these issues yet. He also highlighted the difference in the way one approaches a doctrinal difference as a large indicator as well - humbly, or in an arrogant and prideful way.
Tier two is a tier for extremely important issues, but not issues that should divide between whether we consider someone a Christian or not. However these issues are the ones that affect much of a persons Christian life. Prayer or sacraments are often greatly affected. 1st tier doctrines which are essential to the gospel can also be affected by these 2nd tier doctrinal beliefs. These issues, he argues, are usually grounds for switching churches or organizations over. Issues that fall in this category for Ortlund are baptism, the lords supper, Calvinism/Arminianism, strong cessationism/strong continuationism, and some nuances in justification (double vs single imputation) for example. However, in saying that a difference in these views can lead to dividing churches, he emphasized that it should not lead to a relational divide between Christians. Our desire to uphold the love and unity of the church should match our desire for truth. As Ortlund puts it, ‘gospel doctrine, and gospel culture should both be upheld equally.’
Third Tier issues were issues which have some importance - but don’t affect the more important doctrines and don’t affect life and practice of believers. Ortlund argues that though these are important issues, Christians should not divide over them. He places in this category the old vs young earth creation debate and some of the end times chronology controversies. Preferences of alcohol consumption he also places here. I personally would also place politics in this category - as something that, while it is important, it’s not something which Christians need divide over.
The fourth tier issues are those that are unimportant for life and ministry in the church, and are more simply preference issues. In this category Ortlund places worship styles and other more outward stylistic preferences.
Reading this, it seemed right on target to me. Granted, my theology lines up with Ortlund extremely closely - but, even so, I’m amazed at the things Christians divide over. Even entire denominations often, divide over very minor theological preference points such as end times views, creation day lengths, or alcohol consumption stipulations. This book was a breath of fresh air - and contains much wisdom in how Christians should approach theological differences.
In our current climate, with so many churches splitting or dividing over politics, I would have appreciated more conversation on politics and how Ortlund would fit them into this system. However - the book is really one about theology, not politics. So I suppose it’s fitting that it addresses only the former.
[Speaking of politics, I couldn’t help thinking that a system like this would be a step forward for any system of beliefs - especially the polarized state of American politics right now. This would allow polarized groups to work together on the issues they agree on even when they have significant disagreements in other areas.]
I enjoyed this very much. This should be read by any Christian who ever wonders which issues they need to take a stand for and which ones to not let divide, but rather make their stand for unity - often in the face of opposition from both sides. It also had me checking my own heart on some particular doctrinal nuances I hold - that I’m particularly proud of - in a not good way..
5/5 Excellent!
Ortlund develops a four tiered system for navigating the importance of disagreements between Christians in their doctrinal convictions. All four also have differing ways Christians should divide as well. His four tiered system is as follows:
1. Doctrines which are essential to the Gospel
2. Doctrines which are essential for the health of the church and practice
3. Important doctrines theologically - but not enough to justify separation between Christian groups
4. Issues unimportant to gospel witness and ministry collaboration
Ortlund has created a very nuanced approach, and has spent much time thinking on and developing his system. Not only do these four tiers contain different theological beliefs, but Ortlund also details 4 ways in which believers are to ‘divide’ over these issues.
Tier one constitutes a division between Christian believers and unbelievers. It includes issues such as the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the bodily resurrection of Christ, and justification in Christ’s death through faith. Tier one is also the most drastic of all the dividing lines. These issues should be stood and fought for - albeit in a loving, humble, and Christ honoring way. Ortlund also helpfully emphasizes that there are many Christians who hold errant views in this category who are just ignorant of the details - or just haven’t studied these issues yet. He also highlighted the difference in the way one approaches a doctrinal difference as a large indicator as well - humbly, or in an arrogant and prideful way.
Tier two is a tier for extremely important issues, but not issues that should divide between whether we consider someone a Christian or not. However these issues are the ones that affect much of a persons Christian life. Prayer or sacraments are often greatly affected. 1st tier doctrines which are essential to the gospel can also be affected by these 2nd tier doctrinal beliefs. These issues, he argues, are usually grounds for switching churches or organizations over. Issues that fall in this category for Ortlund are baptism, the lords supper, Calvinism/Arminianism, strong cessationism/strong continuationism, and some nuances in justification (double vs single imputation) for example. However, in saying that a difference in these views can lead to dividing churches, he emphasized that it should not lead to a relational divide between Christians. Our desire to uphold the love and unity of the church should match our desire for truth. As Ortlund puts it, ‘gospel doctrine, and gospel culture should both be upheld equally.’
Third Tier issues were issues which have some importance - but don’t affect the more important doctrines and don’t affect life and practice of believers. Ortlund argues that though these are important issues, Christians should not divide over them. He places in this category the old vs young earth creation debate and some of the end times chronology controversies. Preferences of alcohol consumption he also places here. I personally would also place politics in this category - as something that, while it is important, it’s not something which Christians need divide over.
The fourth tier issues are those that are unimportant for life and ministry in the church, and are more simply preference issues. In this category Ortlund places worship styles and other more outward stylistic preferences.
Reading this, it seemed right on target to me. Granted, my theology lines up with Ortlund extremely closely - but, even so, I’m amazed at the things Christians divide over. Even entire denominations often, divide over very minor theological preference points such as end times views, creation day lengths, or alcohol consumption stipulations. This book was a breath of fresh air - and contains much wisdom in how Christians should approach theological differences.
In our current climate, with so many churches splitting or dividing over politics, I would have appreciated more conversation on politics and how Ortlund would fit them into this system. However - the book is really one about theology, not politics. So I suppose it’s fitting that it addresses only the former.
[Speaking of politics, I couldn’t help thinking that a system like this would be a step forward for any system of beliefs - especially the polarized state of American politics right now. This would allow polarized groups to work together on the issues they agree on even when they have significant disagreements in other areas.]
I enjoyed this very much. This should be read by any Christian who ever wonders which issues they need to take a stand for and which ones to not let divide, but rather make their stand for unity - often in the face of opposition from both sides. It also had me checking my own heart on some particular doctrinal nuances I hold - that I’m particularly proud of - in a not good way..
5/5 Excellent!
May 9, 2025
I often meet two kinds of people in church: some who fight too much about theology with too little love, and others who love deeply but care too little about sound theology.
I love how this book refuses to settle for either extreme but rather offers a tool to deal with this topic with wisdom. It makes a case for “holding your convictions with both confidence and grace.”
Throughout the book, Ortlund supports his points with much Scripture, insights from church history, and quotations from many thoughtful and wise people.
He explains the concept of “theological triage” as a helpful framework for discerning which doctrines are essential to the gospel (first-rank issues), which are urgent for the health and practice of the church (second-rank issues), and which are important to Christian theology but should not produce division among Christians (third-rank issues).
I especially appreciate that Ortlund gives examples and arguments for how he categorizes certain doctrines, while making it clear that this isn’t a rigid system. Rather, he encourages readers to carefully and prayerfully consider how they themselves would rank different issues.
In his writing, Ortlund models the very humility and grace he encourages, helping readers think carefully about “the right hills to die on”. This book encourages a posture of unity without compromising the authority of Scripture.
To conclude, I’ll quote a part of his closing prayer:
“Lord, where we have sinned either by failing to love the truth or by failing to love our brothers and sisters in our disagreements about the truth, forgive us and help us. (...) Lead us towards that healthy, happy balance of adhering to all your teaching while embracing all your people. Amen.”
I love how this book refuses to settle for either extreme but rather offers a tool to deal with this topic with wisdom. It makes a case for “holding your convictions with both confidence and grace.”
Throughout the book, Ortlund supports his points with much Scripture, insights from church history, and quotations from many thoughtful and wise people.
He explains the concept of “theological triage” as a helpful framework for discerning which doctrines are essential to the gospel (first-rank issues), which are urgent for the health and practice of the church (second-rank issues), and which are important to Christian theology but should not produce division among Christians (third-rank issues).
I especially appreciate that Ortlund gives examples and arguments for how he categorizes certain doctrines, while making it clear that this isn’t a rigid system. Rather, he encourages readers to carefully and prayerfully consider how they themselves would rank different issues.
In his writing, Ortlund models the very humility and grace he encourages, helping readers think carefully about “the right hills to die on”. This book encourages a posture of unity without compromising the authority of Scripture.
To conclude, I’ll quote a part of his closing prayer:
“Lord, where we have sinned either by failing to love the truth or by failing to love our brothers and sisters in our disagreements about the truth, forgive us and help us. (...) Lead us towards that healthy, happy balance of adhering to all your teaching while embracing all your people. Amen.”
April 3, 2021
3.5 stars.
Chapters 1 and 2 are the highlight of the book. If you only read those chapters you will learn a lot in how you think and be convicted in some way. Chapter 3 seems unnecessary. Does the reader need to know his story and how he came to theological positions to learn how to navigate the many differences in positions in biblical Christianity? No. He states that his positions aren't going to distort his teaching throughout the book but when you know what someone believes you pick up on it throughout. Having said that, I wouldn't say it ruins the book I just felt it made it less objective.
The meat of the book is concerned with the differentiating or triaging of biblical truths. His description of the 4 categories was helpful. Also, the end of the book pushes home the absolute need for humility and love. Jesus cared deeply for the unity of the church. Paul taught extensively on the unity of the church. We should care deeply and apply liberally humility and love in maintaining unity in the church.
If I could make a pamphlet on just the first 2 chapters and the conclusion, I would easily hand that out as a starting point for believers in assessing where they stand on "Essential" and "Non-essential" doctrines.
Chapters 1 and 2 are the highlight of the book. If you only read those chapters you will learn a lot in how you think and be convicted in some way. Chapter 3 seems unnecessary. Does the reader need to know his story and how he came to theological positions to learn how to navigate the many differences in positions in biblical Christianity? No. He states that his positions aren't going to distort his teaching throughout the book but when you know what someone believes you pick up on it throughout. Having said that, I wouldn't say it ruins the book I just felt it made it less objective.
The meat of the book is concerned with the differentiating or triaging of biblical truths. His description of the 4 categories was helpful. Also, the end of the book pushes home the absolute need for humility and love. Jesus cared deeply for the unity of the church. Paul taught extensively on the unity of the church. We should care deeply and apply liberally humility and love in maintaining unity in the church.
If I could make a pamphlet on just the first 2 chapters and the conclusion, I would easily hand that out as a starting point for believers in assessing where they stand on "Essential" and "Non-essential" doctrines.
January 28, 2022
Required reading for all serious Christians who care about learning and communicating theologically. Most excellent.
July 12, 2020
Remarkable read on such an important topic! Thx for the find @EanSnell!! This book is essentially about how Christians ought to disagree on theology. It provides a solid critique of doctrinal sectarianism (arguing and dividing over every issue) and doctrinal minimalism (neglecting theology and discernment in the interest of keeping the peace). It then provides an explanation of several tiers of doctrines that each should be handled in a different way.
This book is written with such humility, which is crucial, because the primary call of the book is for the reader to adopt an attitude of humility. This is way up there on my list of books that Christians should read. Especially young adult Christians who are in a unique stage of theological development.
I didn’t agree with Ortlund on everything he said, but the beauty is that I don’t have to! When I did disagree with Ortlund, the disagreement had a tinge of love and constructivity, which testifies to how impactful the book was even as I read it!
If you do happen to read this book, please tell me your thoughts. Great book to read, even better book to talk about.
This book is written with such humility, which is crucial, because the primary call of the book is for the reader to adopt an attitude of humility. This is way up there on my list of books that Christians should read. Especially young adult Christians who are in a unique stage of theological development.
I didn’t agree with Ortlund on everything he said, but the beauty is that I don’t have to! When I did disagree with Ortlund, the disagreement had a tinge of love and constructivity, which testifies to how impactful the book was even as I read it!
If you do happen to read this book, please tell me your thoughts. Great book to read, even better book to talk about.
October 20, 2023
Tremendous. 2nd time through. I wish every Christian, pastor, and church leader would read this book every year. I also wish I could memorize it and apply it’s wisdom more consistently in my life. So timely and helpful.
Note: Great audio book for a day full of errands and housework :)
Note: Great audio book for a day full of errands and housework :)
May 24, 2020
This is the best book I've read on how to navigate doctrinal differences. I couldn't recommend it highly enough.
April 2, 2024
So important and so useful, particularly for pastoral ministry.
June 22, 2020
This is both the type of book I yearned for years ago and the type I was worried about being written today.
SUMMARY
This book is about theological triage, organizing our beliefs and responses to beliefs in a (mostly) four-tier system: primary issues, secondary issues, tertiary issues, and things that aren't issues at all.
However, don't miss the subtitle: a case for theological triage. I will get to this more later.
THE GOOD
There's a lot to like about this book. It strikes a beautiful tone in balancing the importance of all doctrines (particularly those of a secondary nature) and the need for the church to be unified and loving with each other, despite our views.
In fact, I would say most of this book is devoted to secondary (maybe even tertiary) issues such as baptism, preterism, evolution, young earth vs old earth, and complementarianism vs egalitarism.
This is the book I've been wanting for years on how to respectfully disagree with someone yet tier categories that would lead to more unity rather than division.
THE CHALLENGES
This part is really hard for me and is why I struggled writing this review. I don't want to critique a book for issues it wasn't written for. However, that is the source of my problem: this book is missing a sequel on works triage.
One of the things that make me say that is that this book is missing anything related on beliefs on racism and misogyny. When reading it, especially during what is happening right now in our country (Spring 2020), these subjects are huge holes in the book, and not just as examples. These issues bring up the practical living side that theology alone doesn't address.
Note: I understand that books are written before events but both racism and misogyny have been clearly and publicly shown and talked about for years now. I believe this is a fair criticism.
Example: What do we do with a brother in Christ who says "I'm not a racist" and can quote random doctrines of creation and equal worth, yet say other clearly racist things and participates in actions that are racist?
Is that a primary issue? Is that a secondary issue?
Should I be in close friendships with people who commit racist actions and say racist words but state they have the right belief structure?
How do I navigate those waters?
This is easily the biggest issue I had with the book. It comes off partly tone-deaf and too simplistic.
CONCLUSION
I love the author's purpose in this. I want to see the church more unified as well. I enjoyed the attention and focus the author handles secondary issues. I was reminded that, while they are not primary issues, they are still very important.
This is a book I would hand every new semanarian in their first class.
Maybe I'm holding a book to a standard the author wasn't focusing on reaching, but I need a sequel to this book about when issues and categories aren't as clean-cut and easily defined.
3.5 stars, rounded down.
SUMMARY
This book is about theological triage, organizing our beliefs and responses to beliefs in a (mostly) four-tier system: primary issues, secondary issues, tertiary issues, and things that aren't issues at all.
However, don't miss the subtitle: a case for theological triage. I will get to this more later.
THE GOOD
There's a lot to like about this book. It strikes a beautiful tone in balancing the importance of all doctrines (particularly those of a secondary nature) and the need for the church to be unified and loving with each other, despite our views.
In fact, I would say most of this book is devoted to secondary (maybe even tertiary) issues such as baptism, preterism, evolution, young earth vs old earth, and complementarianism vs egalitarism.
This is the book I've been wanting for years on how to respectfully disagree with someone yet tier categories that would lead to more unity rather than division.
THE CHALLENGES
This part is really hard for me and is why I struggled writing this review. I don't want to critique a book for issues it wasn't written for. However, that is the source of my problem: this book is missing a sequel on works triage.
One of the things that make me say that is that this book is missing anything related on beliefs on racism and misogyny. When reading it, especially during what is happening right now in our country (Spring 2020), these subjects are huge holes in the book, and not just as examples. These issues bring up the practical living side that theology alone doesn't address.
Note: I understand that books are written before events but both racism and misogyny have been clearly and publicly shown and talked about for years now. I believe this is a fair criticism.
Example: What do we do with a brother in Christ who says "I'm not a racist" and can quote random doctrines of creation and equal worth, yet say other clearly racist things and participates in actions that are racist?
Is that a primary issue? Is that a secondary issue?
Should I be in close friendships with people who commit racist actions and say racist words but state they have the right belief structure?
How do I navigate those waters?
This is easily the biggest issue I had with the book. It comes off partly tone-deaf and too simplistic.
CONCLUSION
I love the author's purpose in this. I want to see the church more unified as well. I enjoyed the attention and focus the author handles secondary issues. I was reminded that, while they are not primary issues, they are still very important.
This is a book I would hand every new semanarian in their first class.
Maybe I'm holding a book to a standard the author wasn't focusing on reaching, but I need a sequel to this book about when issues and categories aren't as clean-cut and easily defined.
3.5 stars, rounded down.
January 18, 2020
This is a hugely important book. Theological triage is absolutely necessary in the church, especially in our age of outrage. Ortlund's call for unity in the last part of the book is vital for the health of Christ's people.
Ortlund presents a three level taxonomy - primary doctrines, secondary doctrines, and tertiary doctrines. In class, using the taxonomy my received from Gerry Breshears, I present a four-level taxonomy: Doctrines to die for, doctrines to divide for, doctrines to debate for, and doctrines to decide for. The significant difference is that I divide Ortlund's tertiary doctrines into two categories: Those worth debating in the context of one local church, maybe even with passion but never divisively, and those not even worth arguing about - you just decide; I don't care.
I am looking forward to talking with the author, Gavin Ortlund, on our Podcast, Food Trucks in Babylon.
Ortlund presents a three level taxonomy - primary doctrines, secondary doctrines, and tertiary doctrines. In class, using the taxonomy my received from Gerry Breshears, I present a four-level taxonomy: Doctrines to die for, doctrines to divide for, doctrines to debate for, and doctrines to decide for. The significant difference is that I divide Ortlund's tertiary doctrines into two categories: Those worth debating in the context of one local church, maybe even with passion but never divisively, and those not even worth arguing about - you just decide; I don't care.
I am looking forward to talking with the author, Gavin Ortlund, on our Podcast, Food Trucks in Babylon.
February 16, 2022
So good.
As someone who has found myself on both sides of the spectrum - too willing to fight for doctrine or not willing to fight at all - this was so beneficial. Gavin has put into words what I’ve been trying to grapple with for so long. I sincerely hope that I can put this into practice for the rest of my life.
“The greatest impediment to theological triage is not a lack of theological skill or savvy but a lack of humility. A lack of skill can simply be the occasion for growth and learning, but when someone approaches theological disagreement with a self-assured, haughty spirit that has only answers and no questions, conflict becomes virtually inevitable.”
As someone who has found myself on both sides of the spectrum - too willing to fight for doctrine or not willing to fight at all - this was so beneficial. Gavin has put into words what I’ve been trying to grapple with for so long. I sincerely hope that I can put this into practice for the rest of my life.
“The greatest impediment to theological triage is not a lack of theological skill or savvy but a lack of humility. A lack of skill can simply be the occasion for growth and learning, but when someone approaches theological disagreement with a self-assured, haughty spirit that has only answers and no questions, conflict becomes virtually inevitable.”
May 22, 2025
This is a fantastic (and dare I say required for anyone entering ministry?) and concise treatment on what constitutes the right hill to die on, and just as importantly, what does not. Ortlund provides helpful descriptions, common examples, and does so while acknowledging his own personal convictions on certain issues in a way that exemplifies the very humility he advocates for in these conversations.
Read
January 24, 2024Re-read for some work on a lecture I am prepping. As per usual, Gavin proves helpful and clear.
August 27, 2021
This book is theologically dense, hence the title, so be prepared to look up a few words… and maybe don’t read this one when you’re tired.
It’s also a very well balanced theological book with a clear call to action: pursue unity within the church.
“Theology is done coram Deo (before the face of God). The glory of God and the good of the church are at stake. Nothing but our deepest sincerity and diligence is sufficient for this undertaking. It will take all the courage we have.“
“We should eagerly pursue the kind of theological conviction and strength that is willing not only to fight for the truth but also to avoid fighting in order to promote the Gospel. This is the best kind of strength.“
I learned a lot from this book, and I really enjoyed reading it. Gavin Ortlund approaches difficult, multi-faceted theological doctrines with incredible humility, and urges the reader to do the same.
“My deepest hope is that, if this book accomplishes anything, it commends to us the importance of Augustine’s warning. In doing theological triage, humility is the first thing, the second thing, and the third thing. It is our constant need, no matter what issue we are facing.“
It’s also a very well balanced theological book with a clear call to action: pursue unity within the church.
“Theology is done coram Deo (before the face of God). The glory of God and the good of the church are at stake. Nothing but our deepest sincerity and diligence is sufficient for this undertaking. It will take all the courage we have.“
“We should eagerly pursue the kind of theological conviction and strength that is willing not only to fight for the truth but also to avoid fighting in order to promote the Gospel. This is the best kind of strength.“
I learned a lot from this book, and I really enjoyed reading it. Gavin Ortlund approaches difficult, multi-faceted theological doctrines with incredible humility, and urges the reader to do the same.
“My deepest hope is that, if this book accomplishes anything, it commends to us the importance of Augustine’s warning. In doing theological triage, humility is the first thing, the second thing, and the third thing. It is our constant need, no matter what issue we are facing.“
June 1, 2021
You've read Gentle and Lowly, but have you read anything by Dane's bro Gavin?? This was awesome. Easily one of the best things I've read this year. I wish I had read this when I was 19. I've been coming to a bunch of these conclusions myself, so I was super encouraged by this. My main takeaway is that we should be slow to label the effort to preserve unity between people of differing persuasions as weaselling, when Scripture itself commands an appreciation and love for the wider body of Christ. To be unconcerned with love for the catholic (small c!) church is itself weaselling.
May 21, 2020
In this short book Gavin Ortlund calls out two types of people. Those who have no hills to die on and those who die on every hill possible. Through this book he briefly walks through primary, secondary, and tertiary issues and how to navigate each one. Why he does give examples of each, his work with them is not exhaustive. The book concludes with a call to theological humility. This book was a helpful reminder about keeping the main thing the main thing.
January 25, 2024
Clear. Timely. Important.
March 22, 2022
Ever since Al Mohler wrote about theological triage (https://is.gd/nIizF4), I’ve wanted someone to write a book about it, especially accessibly written. Gavin Ortlund’s book is so helpful as he models how (and when) to wisely and charitably disagree over doctrine. And when you do disagree, “Go above and beyond to show love to Christians who have a different view and to express your own view with humility and grace” (116). This book is one of my favorite reads of 2020. Here are some questions, from Gavin’s book, I found helpful:
“1. Is there anything in my heart that takes pride in my view or feels superior to Christians who are on ‘the other side’? If so, how can I direct my heart back to the gospel as the only source of my identity and ‘rightness’?
2. Is there anything in me that is disrespectful or dismissive of the importance of this issue? Do I appreciate why Christians have been willing to die for their differences over this issue? Do I feel superior to, or exasperated with, those Christians who elevate this issue more highly than I do? How can I better understand their concerns and thereby move toward them?
3. Have I taken seriously the urgency of Christ’s prayer for the unity of the church (John 17), and am I looking to take whatever steps I can to pursue the realization of this prayer in my own life?
4. What is the right context for me to flourish both in maintaining my own convictions . . . and in pursuing genuine fellowship and partnership in the gospel with those who differ?” (107–108)
Reviews:
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/re...
https://www.challies.com/book-reviews...
https://www.9marks.org/review/finding...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/bl...
Interviews:
https://secundumscripturas.com/2020/0...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://servantsofgrace.org/gavin-ort...
https://jasonkallen.com/podcast/preac...
https://ftc.co/resource-library/podca...
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/...
Related articles:
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
Related videos:
Theological Triage (1): Why It Matters: https://youtu.be/B2Dy85m9rUU
20 quotes from the book:
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
Discussion questions:
https://gavinortlund.com/2020/06/15/d...
Favorite quotes:
“We should never think that avoiding a fight is a sign of weakness. So often, in life and theology, it is the exact opposite—to avoid a fight takes a deeper and nobler strength than to engage in one.” (144)
“The divisiveness surrounding a doctrine involves not merely its content but also the attitude with which it is held. The greatest impediment to theological triage is not a lack of theological skill or savvy but a lack of humility. A lack of skill can simply be the occasion for growth and learning, but when someone approaches theological disagreement with a self-assured, haughty spirit that has only answers and no questions, conflict becomes virtually inevitable.
Therefore, we must engage those with whom we have theological disagreements with humility, asking questions to make sure we understand, remembering that we don’t see things perfectly, and always seeking to grow in understanding where we may have blind spots.” (147–48)
“1. Is there anything in my heart that takes pride in my view or feels superior to Christians who are on ‘the other side’? If so, how can I direct my heart back to the gospel as the only source of my identity and ‘rightness’?
2. Is there anything in me that is disrespectful or dismissive of the importance of this issue? Do I appreciate why Christians have been willing to die for their differences over this issue? Do I feel superior to, or exasperated with, those Christians who elevate this issue more highly than I do? How can I better understand their concerns and thereby move toward them?
3. Have I taken seriously the urgency of Christ’s prayer for the unity of the church (John 17), and am I looking to take whatever steps I can to pursue the realization of this prayer in my own life?
4. What is the right context for me to flourish both in maintaining my own convictions . . . and in pursuing genuine fellowship and partnership in the gospel with those who differ?” (107–108)
Reviews:
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/re...
https://www.challies.com/book-reviews...
https://www.9marks.org/review/finding...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/bl...
Interviews:
https://secundumscripturas.com/2020/0...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://servantsofgrace.org/gavin-ort...
https://jasonkallen.com/podcast/preac...
https://ftc.co/resource-library/podca...
https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/...
Related articles:
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
Related videos:
Theological Triage (1): Why It Matters: https://youtu.be/B2Dy85m9rUU
20 quotes from the book:
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/ar...
Discussion questions:
https://gavinortlund.com/2020/06/15/d...
Favorite quotes:
“We should never think that avoiding a fight is a sign of weakness. So often, in life and theology, it is the exact opposite—to avoid a fight takes a deeper and nobler strength than to engage in one.” (144)
“The divisiveness surrounding a doctrine involves not merely its content but also the attitude with which it is held. The greatest impediment to theological triage is not a lack of theological skill or savvy but a lack of humility. A lack of skill can simply be the occasion for growth and learning, but when someone approaches theological disagreement with a self-assured, haughty spirit that has only answers and no questions, conflict becomes virtually inevitable.
Therefore, we must engage those with whom we have theological disagreements with humility, asking questions to make sure we understand, remembering that we don’t see things perfectly, and always seeking to grow in understanding where we may have blind spots.” (147–48)
March 3, 2025
In my opinion, the book would have been more effective if Gavin would have depersonalized the content and examples a bit more.
The idea of theological triage is super helpful. Much of his direct explanation of this idea was clear and convincing. However, the examples he gave of second and third rank issues were mostly things that pit him against broader evangelicalism. Almost all of the examples were directly related to him, which made the whole book seem like reasons to not discount Gavin or his positions.
The ideas are important and I am a fan of Ortlund, but the presentation made it hard for me to recommend, especially to those who I feel like could benefit from it most.
The idea of theological triage is super helpful. Much of his direct explanation of this idea was clear and convincing. However, the examples he gave of second and third rank issues were mostly things that pit him against broader evangelicalism. Almost all of the examples were directly related to him, which made the whole book seem like reasons to not discount Gavin or his positions.
The ideas are important and I am a fan of Ortlund, but the presentation made it hard for me to recommend, especially to those who I feel like could benefit from it most.
July 27, 2020
THIS. BOOK. Wow. The most necessary read for anyone engaging in theological discussions of any degree. I would even go so far as to say that it could be helpful for even engaging well in discussions OUTside the theological realm. It’s last chapter really took us home with the main point of the whole book: Humility. Talking about how humility is the most crucial, important & needed piece of engaging in any type of topic, so as to make it a dialogue as opposed to a debate. I’m just gonna start sliding this underneath the metaphorical door of everyone’s houses that I know. So good.
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