Sebastian Raschka's Blog, page 2

In this article, I will describe the four main approaches to building reasoning models, or how we can enhance LLMs with reasoning capabilities. I hope this provides valuable insights and helps you navigate the rapidly evolving literature and hype surrounding this topic.

This article covers 12 influential AI research papers of 2024, ranging from mixture-of-experts models to new LLM scaling laws for precision.

This is a standalone notebook implementing the popular byte pair encoding (BPE) tokenization algorithm, which is used in models like GPT-2 to GPT-4, Llama 3, etc., from scratch for educational purposes."

I want to share my running bookmark list of many fascinating (mostly LLM-related) papers I stumbled upon in 2024. It's just a list, but maybe it will come in handy for those who are interested in finding some gems to read for the holidays.

There has been a lot of new research on the multimodal LLM front, including the latest Llama 3.2 vision models, which employ diverse architectural strategies to integrate various data types like text and images. For instance, The decoder-only method uses a single stack of decoder blocks to process all modalities sequentially. On the other hand, cross-attention methods (for example, used in Llama 3.2) involve separate encoders for different modalities with a cross-attention layer that allows these encoders to interact. This article explains how these different types of multimodal LLMs function. Additionally, I will review and summarize roughly a dozen other recent multimodal papers and models published in recent weeks to compare their approaches.

This article shows you how to transform pretrained large language models (LLMs) into strong text classifiers.��But why focus on classification? First, finetuning a pretrained model for classification offers a gentle yet effective introduction to model finetuning. Second, many real-world and business challenges revolve around text classification: spam detection, sentiment analysis, customer feedback categorization, topic labeling, and more.

This tutorial is aimed at coders interested in understanding the building blocks of large language models (LLMs), how LLMs work, and how to code them from the ground up in PyTorch. We will kick off this tutorial with an introduction to LLMs, recent milestones, and their use cases. Then, we will code a small GPT-like LLM, including its data input pipeline, core architecture components, and pretraining code ourselves. After understanding how everything fits together and how to pretrain an LLM, we will learn how to load pretrained weights and finetune LLMs using open-source libraries.

There are hundreds of LLM papers each month proposing new techniques and approaches. However, one of the best ways to see what actually works well in practice is to look at the pre-training and post-training pipelines of the most recent state-of-the-art models. Luckily, four major new LLMs have been released in the last months, accompanied by relatively detailed technical reports. In this article, I focus on the pre-training and post-training pipelines of the following models: Alibaba's Qwen 2, Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models, Google's Gemma 2, Meta AI's Llama 3.1.

This article covers a new, cost-effective method for generating data for instruction finetuning LLMs; instruction finetuning from scratch; pretraining LLMs with instruction data; and an overview of what's new in Gemma 2.

This is an overview of the LLM development process. This one-hour talk focuses on the essential three stages of developing an LLM: coding the architecture, implementing pretraining, and fine-tuning the LLM. Lastly, we also discuss the main ways LLMs are evaluated, along with the caveats of each method.