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Today in History
May 31, 20191279 BC Ramesses II, also known as Ramesses the Great becomes Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt (19th Dynasty)
1578 Martin Frobisher sails from Harwich, England, to Frobisher Bay, Canada. Eventually mines fools gold, famously used to pave the streets of London.
1902 Boer War Ends; Treaty of Unity signed, Britain annexes Transvaal
1910 Union of South Africa declares its independence from the United Kingdom
1916 Battle of Jutland: Largest naval battle of World War I between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet which killed 8,645 in an inconclusive battle but strategic British victory. German fleet never puts to sea again in WWI.
1935 7.7 magnitude earthquake hits Quetta in Balochistan, British Raj (Pakistan) killing an estimated 50,000 people
1947 Communists seize power in Hungary
1970 7.75 Ancash earthquake off coast of Peru kills 66-70,000 and sets off world's deadliest avalanche
June 1, 20194000 BC Approximate domestication of the horse in the Eurasian steppes near Dereivka, central Ukraine (hypothesis only)
1215 Beijing, under control of Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Beijing
1676 Battle of Öland: allied Danish-Dutch forces defeat the Swedish navy in the Baltic Sea, during the Scanian War (1675–79)
1964 Kenya becomes a republic with Jomo Kenyatta as its 1st President
1998 European Central Bank is founded in Brussels to define and execute the European Union's monetary policy
June 2, 2019455 King Gaiseric & the Vandals sack Rome - Rome looted for 14 days
1862 Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate armies of North Virgina during US Civil War
1896 Guglielmo Marconi applies to patent the radio, accepted 2 July 1897
1953 Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey, London, England
1989 10,000 Chinese soldiers are blocked by 100,000 citizens in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, protecting students demonstrating for democracy
June 3, 20191621 Dutch West India Company (WIC) receives charter for The West Indies (The Americas, Caribbean and West Africa)
1929 Chile and Peru sign the Treaty of Lima, finally resolving their border dispute from the War of the Pacific (1879–83). Chile keeps Arica and Peru regains Tacna.
1943 A mob of 60 from the Los Angeles Naval Reserve Armory beat up everyone perceived to be Hispanic, starting the week-long Zoot Suit Riots
1979 Ixtoc I rig in the Gulf of Mexico blows, spilling 3 million barrels of oil in one of the worst oil spills in history
1989 Beginning of the Tiananmen Square Massacre as Chinese troops open fire on pro-democracy supporters in Beijing
June 4, 20191760 Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada taken from the Acadians
1940 British complete the "Miracle of Dunkirk" by evacuating 338,226 allied troops from France via a flotilla of over 800 vessels including Royal Navy destroyers, merchant marine boats, fishing boats, pleasure craft and even lifeboats
1945 US, Soviet Union, Britain and France agree to divide up occupied Germany
1989 Eastern Europe's 1st partial free elections in 40 years held in Poland, Solidarity Party comes to power
1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre: Chinese troops clear the square of student protesters, unofficial figures place death toll near 1,000
June 5, 20191873 Sultan Bargash bin Said under British pressure closes the infamous slave market of Zanzibar in modern day Tanzania
1947 US Secretary of State George Marshall outlines the "Marshall Plan" to rebuild Western Europe
1963 State of siege proclaimed in Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini arrested
1967 Six-day war begins between Israel and the neighboring Arab states of Egypt, Jordan and Syria
1981 AIDS Epidemic officially begins when US Centers for Disease Control reports on pneumonia affecting five homosexual men in Los Angeles
1981 World's first today in history program with editable data "TODAY", invented by Michael Butler runs for the first time on a mainframe computer
1984 Indira Gandhi orders an attack on Sikh's holiest site, the Golden Temple in Amritsar
I was born today, June 5 1944! The world's celebrates that day...
Happy birthday Ruby. Hope you enjoy your day. Is it also Eid today? Best wishes.
June 6, 20191523 Gustav Vasa is elected King of Sweden, marking the end of the Kalmar Union
1716 French transport the 1st African slaves to Louisiana
1916 The death of Yuan Shikai, ruler of much of China since 1912, causes the central government to virtually collapse in the face of warlords, including Sun Yat-sen
1944 Operation Overlord: D-Day begins as the 150,000 strong Allied Expeditionary Force lands in Normandy, France, during World War II
1982 30,000 Israeli troops invade Lebanon to drive out the PLO
Ruby wrote: "I was born today, June 5 1944! The world's celebrates that day..."🎉 Happy Birthday Ruby!
June 7, 20191494 Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain and Portugal divide the new world along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa
1628 English King Charles I ratifies the Petition of Rights
1654 Louis XIV crowned King of France
1929 Vatican City becomes a sovereign state
1965 The Supreme Court of the United States decides on Griswold v. Connecticut, effectively legalizing the use of contraception by married couples
June 8, 2019452 Italy invaded by Attila the Hun
793 Vikings in long ships from modern-day Norway plunder St Cuthbert's monastery on Lindisfarne Island, off the northeast coast of England
1191 King Richard I of England arrives at Acre in modern day Israel to join the Siege of Acre during the Third Crusade
1783 Laki volcano in southern Iceland begins 8-month eruption, killing 10,000 and causing widespread famines throughout Asia and Europe
1789 James Madison introduces a proposed Bill of Rights in the US House of Representatives
1918 Nova Aquila, brightest nova since Kepler's nova of 1604, discovered
1987 New Zealand's Labour government legislates against nuclear weapons and nuclear powered vessels in NZ. Only nation to legislate against nuclear power.
June 9, 201968 Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, imploring his secretary Epaphroditos to slit his throat to evade a Senate-imposed death by flogging
721 Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse
1549 Book of Common Prayer is adopted by the Church of England
1815 End of the Congress of Vienna: New European political situation is set
1856 500 Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa, and head west for Salt Lake City, Utah, carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts
1977 Silver jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain celebrated with fireworks
1997 British lease on the New Territories in Hong Kong expires
June 10, 20191190 Third Crusade: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa drowns while crossing the Saleph River (modern Turkey) leading an army to Jerusalem
1786 A landslide dam on the Dadu River caused by earthquake ten days earlier collapses, killing 100,000 in the Sichuan province of China
1898 US Marines land in Cuba during Spanish-American War
1916 Great Arab Revolt begins against ruling Ottoman turks
1963 US Equal Pay Act signed into law by President John F. Kennedy
1977 Apple Computer ships its first Apple II computers
2003 The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission
June 11, 20191184 BC Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned, according to calculations by Eratosthenes
631 Emperor Taizong of Tang of China, sends envoys to the Xueyantuo bearing gold and silk for the release of Chinese prisoners captured during transition from Sui to Tang from northern frontier; succeeds in freeing 80,000
1776 Continental Congress creates committee (Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston) to draft a Declaration of Independence
1963 US President JFK says segregation is morally wrong and that it is "time to act"
1987 Margaret Thatcher is 1st British Prime Minister in 160 years to win a third consecutive term
2014 Islamic State of Iraq forces seize control of government offices and other important buildings in the northern city of Mosu
June 12, 20191381 Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath
1830 Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: 34,000 French soldiers land 27 kilometers west of Algiers, at Sidi Ferruch
1864 The Battle of Trevilian Station, the bloodiest and largest all-cavalry battle of the American Civil War in Louisa County ends with Confederate tactical victory and Union successful retreat
1931 Al Capone is indicted on 5,000 counts of prohibition and perjury
1942 Anne Frank gets her diary as a birthday present in Amsterdam
1964 Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison in South Africa
2018 Singapore Summit between North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and US President Donald Trump
June 13, 20191373 Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance (world's oldest extant) signed in London
1866 US House of representatives passes 14th Amendment (Civil rights)
1878 Congress of Berlin begins, determines the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
1956 The last British troops leave the Suez Canal Zone in Egypt
2000 President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.
June 14, 20191381 Richard II in England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance
1645 Battle of Naseby, Leicestershire: "New Model Army" under Oliver Cromwell & Thomas Fairfax beat royalists forces of English King Charles I
1821 Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, bringing the 300 year old Sudanese kingdom to an end
1940 Auschwitz concentration camp opens in Nazi controlled Poland with Polish POWs (approx. 3 million would die within its walls)
1941 Estonia loses 11,000 inhabitants as a consequence of mass deportations into Siberia
1982 Argentina surrenders to Great Britain, ending the 74-day Falklands Islands conflict
June 15, 2019763 BC Assyrians record a solar eclipse that will be used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history
1215 King John signs Magna Carta at Runnymede, near Windsor, England
1775 George Washington appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, the day after Congress establishes the force
1896 Tsunami strikes Shinto festival on beach at Sanriku, Japan; 27,000 are killed, 9,000 injured and 13,000 houses destroyed
1940 World War II: France surrenders to NAZI Germany, German troops occupy Paris
1991 Climactic eruption of the Mount Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines, the second-largest volcanic eruption on Earth of the 20th century
2015 Real estate mogul Donald Trump launches his campaign for US President
June 16, 20191858 Abraham Lincoln says "A house divided against itself cannot stand" accepting Illinois Republican Party's nomination for the Senate
1880 Salvation Army forms in London
1904 Bloomsday (date of events in James Joyce's Ulysses)
1935 US Congress accepts FDR's "New Deal"
2000 Israel complies with UN Security Council Resolution 425 after 22 years, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel withdraws from all of Lebanon, except the disputed Sheba Farms
June 17, 2019656 Ali ibn Abu Talib elected the 4th Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
1579 Sir Francis Drake lands on coast of California at Drakes Bay, names it "New Albion"
1631 Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, then spends more than 20 years building her tomb, the Taj Mahal
1789 French Revolution: During the meeting of the Estates-General, the Third Estate proclaims itself the 'National Assembly'
1837 Charles Goodyear obtains his 1st rubber patent
1856 Republican Party opens its 1st national convention in Philadelphia
June 18, 2019618 Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries of the Tang Dynasty's rule over China
1812 War of 1812 begins as US declares war against Britain
1815 Battle of Waterloo; Napoleon and France defeated by British forces under Wellington and Prussian troops under Blucher
1928 American aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the 1st woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean landing at Burry Port, Wales
1940 Winston Churchill's "this was their finest hour" speech urging perseverance during Battle of Britain delivered to British House of Commons
1948 UN Commission on Human Rights adopts the International Declaration of Human Rights
June 19, 20191829 Sir Robert Peel introduces the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 into Parliament to establish a unified police force for London
1862 Slavery outlawed in US territories
1944 World War II: First day of the 2 day Battle of the Philippine Sea, US naval forces defeat Japanese fleet
1991 Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar surrenders to police
June 20, 2019451 Battle of the Catalaunian Plains: Roman and Visigoths forces defeat Attila the Hun in north east France
1214 The University of Oxford receives its charter
1789 Tennis Court Oath (for a new constitution) in France made at Versailles
1840 Samuel Morse patents his telegraph
1895 1st female PhD from an American University, earned by Caroline Willard Baldwin (in Science) at Cornell University
June 21, 20191788 US Constitution comes into effect when New Hampshire is the 9th state to ratify it
1854 First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands (Crimean War)
1948 Lord Mountbatten resigns as Governor General of India (formerly the last Viceroy)
1990 7.7 Manjil-Rudbar Earthquake with hundreds of aftershocks hits Iran; killing about 50,000
1993 English mathematician Andrew Wiles proves last theorem of Fermat
June 22, 20191633 Galileo Galilei forced to recant his Copernican views that the Earth orbits the Sun by the Pope (Vatican only admits it was wrong on Oct 31, 1992!)
1675 Royal Greenwich Observatory established in England by Charles II
1772 Somerset v Stewart court case finds slavery unsupported by English common law, encouraging the abolitionist movement
1848 Beginning of the June Days uprising in Paris by French workers
1865 The CSS Shenandoah fires the last shot of the American Civil War in the Bering Strait to indicate surrender
June 23, 2019930 World's oldest parliament, the Icelandic Parliament, the Alþingi (anglicised as Althing or Althingi), established
1868 Christopher Latham Sholes patents the typewriter with a QWERTY keyboard
1960 1st contraceptive pill is made available for purchase in the U.S.
1972 Hurricane Agnes becomes America's costliest natural disaster, effecting 15 states, with 119 deaths and $3 billion in damage
1974 1st extraterrestrial message sent from Earth into space
1979 Supertramp's "Breakfast in America" becomes No. 1 album in the US featuring "Take the Long Way Home"
2016 Brexit referendum: United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union
June 24, 20191497 John Cabot claims Eastern Canada for England (believes he has found Asia in Nova Scotia)
1509 Henry VIII is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey
1793 1st republican constitution in France adopted
1812 Napoleon Bonaparte's forces invade Russia crossing the Neman River
1853 US President Franklin Pierce signs the Gadsden Purchase, buying 29,670 square-miles (76,800 square km) from Mexico for $10 million (now southern Arizona and New Mexico)
1901 1st exhibition by Pablo Picasso, 19, opens in Paris
1930 1st radar detection of planes, Anacostia, Washington, D.C.
June 25, 20191678 Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is awarded a doctorate of philosophy, the 1st woman to receive a university doctoral degree or PhD
1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn: US 7th Cavalry under Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull in what has become famously known as "Custer's Last Stand"
1929 US President Herbert Hoover authorizes building of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam)
1950 North Korea invades South Korea, beginning the Korean War
That fatal dance mania, pretty crazy stuff!
June 26, 2019363 Roman Emperor Julian is killed during retreat from the Sassanid Empire. General Jovian is proclaimed Emperor by troops on the battlefield.
1794 Battle of Fleurus: major victory by forces of the First French Republic under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan over the Coalition Army (Great Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and Habsburgs) first use of reconnaissance balloon
1857 The first 62 recipients are awarded the Victoria Cross for valour in the Crimean war by Queen Victoria
1917 1st US troops arrive in France during World War I
2016 Panama Canal's third set of locks opens for commercial traffic, doubling the Canal’s capacity at an estimated cost of $5.25 billion
June 27, 20191542 Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sets sail from the Mexican port of Navidad to explore the west coast of North America on behalf of the Spanish Empire
1693 1st women's magazine "Ladies' Mercury" published (London)
1743 War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Dettingen: in Bavaria, King George II of Britain personally leads troops into battle. The last time a British monarch commanded troops in the field.
1929 1st color TV demo, performed by Bell Laboratories in NYC
1950 North Korean troops reach Seoul, UN asks members to aid South Korea, Harry Truman orders US Air Force & Navy into Korean conflict
1954 1st atomic power station opens - Obninsk, near Moscow in Russia
Mod
It certainly is
June 28, 20191389 Ottomans defeat Serbian army in the bloody Battle of Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe
1519 King Carlos I elected Holy Roman Catholic Emperor Charles V
1838 Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey, London
1914 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by young Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip at 10.45, the casus belli of WWI
1919 Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI and establishing the League of Nations, is signed in France
June 29, 20191613 Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London, England, burns down during a performance of "Henry VIII"
1900 The Imperial Chinese Court issues what is essentially a declaration of war against the foreigners in China and blames hostilities on them, giving license to Boxers for even greater ferocity
1949 South Africa begins implementing apartheid; no mixed marriages
1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed after 83-day filibuster in the US Senate
1966 Vietnam War: US planes bomb the North Vietnamese capital Hanoi and the port city of Haiphong for the first time
1994 US reopens Guantanamo Naval Base to process refugees
June 30, 20191520 Spanish conquistadors are expelled from Tenochtitlan following an Aztec revolt against their rule under Hernán Cortés during "La Noche Triste" (the Night of Sadness). Many soldiers drown in the escape, and Aztec emperor Montezuma II dies in the struggle
1860 Famous debate on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution held at the Oxford University Museum and dominated by arguments between Thomas Henry Huxley and Bishop Samuel Wilberforce
1905 In Russia, the "Potemkin" arrives at Odessa, where sailors take the bodies of dead crewman ashore; sailors join civilians in revolutionary actions of the '1905 Revolution'
1908 A giant fireball, most likely caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet flattens 80 million trees near the Stony Tunguska River in Yeniseysk Governorate, Russia, in the largest impact event in recorded history
1934 "Night of Long Knives" - Adolf Hitler stages a bloody purge of the Nazi party
1938 Superman 1st appears in DC Comics' Action Comics Series issue #1
1992 South African ANC President Nelson Mandela meets with UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali at Dakar
July 1, 20191689 Matsuo Basho, zen poet, leaves for 150 days journey on Honshu, Japan
1858 The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society
1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; Lee's northward advance halted
1867 The Dominion of Canada is formed, comprising the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario & Quebec, with John A. Macdonald serving as the first Prime Minister
1916 First day of the Battle of the Somme: the British Army suffers its worst day, losing 19,240 men (WWI)
1921 The Communist Party of China is founded and Chen Duxiu elected its leader
1941 Bulova Watch Co pays $9 for 1st ever network TV commercial
1997 United Kingdom returns Hong Kong and the New Territories to the People's Republic of China
Battle of the Somme. How fortunate is the world that J.R.R. Tolkien survived that battle and was able to write?
July 2, 2019626 Incident at Xuanwu Gate: in fear of assassination, Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng
1776 Continental Congress resolves "these United Colonies are and of right ought to be Free and Independent States"
1823 Bahia Independence Day: the end of Portuguese rule in Brazil, with the final defeat of the Portuguese crown loyalists in the province of Bahia
1964 US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act into law
1990 1,426 pilgrims trampled to death after a panic in a tunnel in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
July 3, 2019324 Battle of Adrianople: Roman Emperor Constantine I defeats his co-emperor Licinius, who flees to Byzantium
1187 Battle of Horns of Hattin: Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, destroys Jerusalem's crusader army
1863 Battle of Gettysburg, largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War
1884 Dow Jones publishes its 1st stock index, the Dow Jones Transportation Average
1996 UK House of Commons announces that the Stone of Scone, aka the Stone of Destiny, used in the coronation of Scottish (and subsequently English and British monarchs), will be returned to Scotland after 700 years in Westminster Abbey
July 4, 20191776 US Congress proclaims the Declaration of Independence and independence from Britain
1785 James Hutton, geologist, publicly reads an abstract of his theory of uniformitarianism for the first time at the meeting of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1803 The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people by President Thomas Jefferson
1838 Huskar Colliery Mining Disaster in Silkstone England: mining pit floods drown 26 children, leads to 1842 'Mines and Collieries Act' bans women and children working underground
1934 Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design for the atomic bomb
2017 North Korea tests first successful intercontinental ballistic missile into Sea of Japan
Mod
July 5, 20191687 Isaac Newton's great work PRINCIPIA published by Royal Society in England. Outlines his laws of motion and universal gravitation.
1811 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence: 7 provinces declare themselves independent of Spain
1852 Frederick Douglass, fugitive slave, delivers his 'What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?' speech to the Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, condemns the celebration as hypocritical sham
1865 US Secret Service begins operating under the Treasury Department
1994 Amazon.com founded in Bellevue, Washington by Jeff Bezos
2004 First Indonesian presidential election by the people - first round (eventually won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono)
July 6, 20191348 Papal bull of Pope Clement VI issued during the Black Death stating Jews not to blame and urging their protection
1785 US Congress unanimously resolves the name of US currency to the "dollar" and adopts decimal coinage
1885 Louis Pasteur successfully tests an anti-rabies vaccine
1923 The Central Executive Committee accepts the Treaty of Union, signed in Moscow in December 1922, and the Russian Empire becomes the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
1967 Nigerian Civil War erupts as Nigerian forces invade the secessionist state of Biafra
1970 California passes 1st "no fault" divorce law
July 7, 20191520 Battle of Otumba, Mexico: Hernán Cortés and the Tlaxcalans defeat a numerically superior Aztec force
1937 Japanese and Chinese troops clash at the Marco Polo Bridge, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War
1947 Alleged and disputed Roswell UFO incident
2005 Coordinated terrorist bomb blasts strike London's public transport system during the morning rush hour killing 52 and injuring 700
2005 Influenced by Live 8, the G8 leaders pledge to double 2004 levels of aid to Africa from US$25 to US$50 billion by the year 2010
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1431 Hundred Years' War: 19 year old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal in Rouen, France
1539 Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto discovers Florida
1848 Mexico ratifies treaty giving US; New Mexico, California & parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona & Colorado in return for $15 million
1868 "Decoration Day", later called Memorial Day is first observed in Northern US states
1913 Treaty of London signed by the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and the victorious Balkan League (Serbia, Greece, Kingdom of Bulgaria, and Montenegro) bringing an end to the First Balkan War