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October 16, 20191813 Battle of Leipzig, largest battle in Europe prior to WWI, Napoleon's forces defeated by Prussia, Austria and Russia
1900 Great Britain and Germany sign the Anglo-German Treaty, agreeing to maintain territorial integrity of China and support 'open door' policy called for by US Secretary of State
1934 Mao Zedong and 25,000 troops begin their 6,000 mile Long March from the south of China to the north and west
1962 Cuban missile crisis begins as JFK is shown photos confirming the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba
1976 Zuzu Lu was born 🥳
1978 Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla elected Pope John Paul II
1998 Former Chilean dictator General Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a Spanish warrant requesting his extradition on murder charges
October 17, 2019733 Battle at Tours (Poitiers): Charles Martel's Frankish and Burgundian forces beat those of al-Andalus under Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi halting Islamic influence (date disputed)
1854 French and British forces bombard Sevastopol for the first time during the Crimean War
1907 Guglielmo Marconi's company begins the first commercial transatlantic wireless service between Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada and Clifden, Ireland
1943 Burma railway completed, built by Allied POWs and Asian laborers for use of the Japanese army
1973 OPEC oil ministers use oil as an economic weapon in the Arab-Israeli War, mandating a cut in exports and recommending an embargo against unfriendly states
2017 Islamic State headquarters Raqqa declared under full control of US-led alliance by Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) spokesman Talal Sello after 4 months of fighting
October 18, 20191009 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock
1685 French King Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes cancelling rights of French Protestants
1867 Alaska Purchase: US takes formal possession of Alaska from Russia, having paid $7.2 million
1931 American gangster Al Capone convicted of tax evasion
1962 James Watson (US), Francis Crick (UK) and Maurice Wilkins (UK) win the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their work in determining the structure of DNA
October 19, 2019202 BC Battle of Zama: Hannibal Barca and the Carthaginian army are defeated by Roman legions under Scipio Africanus, ending 2nd Punic War
1781 British forces under General Charles Cornwallis sign terms of surrender to George Washington and Comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown at 2 pm; US Revolutionary War ends
1926 Russian Politburo throws out Leon Trotsky and his followers
1943 Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University
1987 Black Monday: Stock markets around the world crash, including the Dow Jones stock index, which falls 508.32 points (22%), 4½ times the previous daily record
2015 US scientists from University of California find evidence life on earth may have begun 4.1 billion years ago, 300 million earlier than previously thought
October 20, 20191097 1st Crusaders arrive in Antioch during the First Crusade
1603 Chinese uprising in Philippines fails after 23,000 killed
1803 US Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase
1864 US President Abraham Lincoln formally establishes Thanksgiving as a national holiday
1935 Communist forces end their Long March at Yan'an, in Shaanxi, China, bringing Mao Zedong to prominence
October 21, 20191805 Battle of Trafalgar: British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats combined French and Spanish fleet. Nelson shot and killed during battle.
1854 Florence Nightingale with a staff of 38 nurses is sent to the Crimean War
1944 World War II: US troops capture Aachen, 1st large German city to fall
1948 UN rejects Russian proposal to destroy atomic weapons
1950 Chinese forces occupy Tibet
1993 Military coup by Burundi President Ndadaye; 525,000 Hutus flee
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🥰October 22, 2019
1633 Battle of Liaoluo Bay: Dutch East India Company defeated by Chinese Ming naval forces in southern Fujian sea
1721 Tsar Peter the Great becomes "All-Russian Imperator"
1879 Thomas Edison perfects carbonized cotton filament light bulb
1884 International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. adopts Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) worldwide, creating 24 international time zones with longitude zero at the Greenwich meridian
1907 Panic of 1907: A run on Knickerbocker Trust Company stock leads to US wide run on banks
1962 Cuban missile crisis: US President John F. Kennedy addresses TV about Russian missile bases in Cuba and imposes a naval blockade on Cuba, beginning the missile crisis
October 23, 201942 BC Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi - Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Mark Antony and Octavian. Brutus commits suicide.
1911 1st aerial reconnaissance mission is flown by an Italian pilot over Turkish lines during the Italo-Turkish War
1942 During WWII, Britain launches major offensive at El Alamein, Egypt
1977 Paleontologist Elso Barghoorn announces discovery of a 3.4-billion year old one-celled fossil, one of the earliest life forms on Earth
1981 US national debt hits $1 trillion
2001 The Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament after peace talks
October 24, 20191260 Qutuz, Mamluk Sultans of Egypt (1259-60), is assassinated by Baibars, a fellow Mamluk leader, who seizes power for himself
1648 Treaty of Westphalia ends The Thirty Year's War in the Holy Roman Empire; Switzerland's independence recognized
1929 "Black Thursday", start of stock market crash, Dow Jones down 12.8%
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet ships approach but stop short of the US blockade of Cuba
2008 "Bloody Friday" saw many of the world's stock exchanges experienced the worst declines in their history, with drops of around 10% in most indices.
October 25, 20191415 Battle of Agincourt: Henry V's forces defeat larger French army and the longbow defeats the armoured knight
1854 The infamous Charge of the Light Brigade during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War results in over 100 killed
1962 US Ambassador to the UN Adlai Stevenson demands USSR UN rep Zorin answer regarding Cuban missile bases saying "I am prepared to wait for my answer until hell freezes over"
1971 United Nations votes to expel the Chinese Nationalist ruled Taiwan and admit the Communist People's Republic of China
2017 Chinese Premier Xi Jinping unveils his new ruling council in the Great Hall of the People, none of the five are young enough to succeed him
October 26, 20191850 Robert McClure sights the fabled Northwest Passage for the first time (from Banks Island towards Melville Island)
1861 Pony Express (Missouri to California) ends after 19 months
1863 International conference begins in Geneva aimed at improving medical conditions on battlefields - beginning of the Red Cross
1977 Last natural case of smallpox discovered in Merca district, Somalia. Considered the anniversary of the eradication of smallpox, the most spectacular success of vaccination
October 27, 2019312 Roman Emperor Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross
1795 Pinckney's Treaty [Treaty of San Lorenzo] signed by Spain and US, establishing the southern boundary of the US and giving Americans right to navigate the Mississippi River
1962 Black Saturday during the Cuban Missile Crisis: An American spy plane is shot down over Cuba and the navy drops warning depth charges on Soviet submarines
1982 China announces its population has reached 1 billion plus people
1986 British government deregulates financial markets in a "Big Bang", enhancing London's status as a financial capital while increasing income inequality
October 28, 20191492 Christopher Columbus sights Cuba and claims it for Spain under the name "Juana"
1538 The first university in the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is established on Hispaniola
1746 Peruvian cities of Lima and Callao demolished by earthquake, 18,000 die
1904 St Louis police try a new investigation method - fingerprints
1919 Volstead Act passed by US Congress, establishing prohibition, despite President Woodrow Wilson's veto
1924 Miner M.de Bruin discovers the infant fossil skull, "Taung child" in a lime quarry in Taung, South Africa. Paleoanthropologist Raymond Dart identifies the fossil as a new hominin species, Australopithecus africanus.
October 29, 2019539 BC King Cyrus "the Great" of Persia marches into Babylon, freeing Jewish captives and allowing them to return home
1268 Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the German Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed with Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily
1665 Battle of Mbwila [Ambuila],: Portuguese forces defeat forces of the Kingdom of Kongo and decapitate King Antonio I of Kongo / Nvita a Nkanga
1929 "Black Tuesday" Wall Street Stock Market crashes triggering the "Great Depression"
2015 China announces the end of their one-child policy after 35 years
October 30, 20191340 Battle of Rio Salado Battle (or Tarifa): King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile defeat Sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of Morocco and Yusuf I of Granada, last Marīnids invasion of Iberian Peninsula
1899 Battle of Ladysmith, Natal: Boers defeat the British, leading to the Siege of Ladysmith
1905 "October Manifesto" Russian Tsar Nicholas II grants civil liberties and accepts the first Duma (Parliament)
1917 British government gives final approval to Balfour Declaration
1973 The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time
October 31, 20191517 Martin Luther sends his 95 Theses to Albrecht von Brandenburg, the Archbishop of Mainz, precipitating the Protestant Reformation
1541 Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes painting "The Last Judgement" in the Sistine Chapel, Vatican City
1876 Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 ravages British India (Modern-day Bangladesh), over 200,000 killed
1918 Spanish flu-virus kills 21,000 people in the US in a single week
2011 The world population reaches 7 billion inhabitants according to the United Nations
November 1, 20191755 Lisbon earthquake kills more than 50,000 in Portugal
1814 Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France, in the Napoleonic Wars
1894 Vaccine for diphtheria announced by Dr Roux of Paris
1916 Paul Miliukov delivers in the Russian State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the Boris Stürmer government
1952 "Ivy Mike", the first thermonuclear weapon to utilize the H-bomb design of Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam, is detonated in the Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean
2012 Scientists detect evidence of light from the universe's first stars, predicted to have formed 500 million years after the big bang
November 2, 20191875 Verney Cameroon reaches Benguela in Angola, from Africa's east coast, 1st European to cross equatorial Africa
1917 Balfour Declaration proclaims support for a Jewish state in Palestine
1930 Coronation of Ras Tafari Makonnen as Haile Selassie I, 225th Emperor of Ethopian Solmonic Dynasty
1949 Netherland recognizes Indonesia as a sovereign state
1966 The Cuban Adjustment Act comes into force, allowing 123,000 Cubans opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the US
November 3, 2019644 Umar ibn al-Khattab, second Muslim caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina
1534 English parliament passes Act of Supremacy: Henry VIII and subsequent monarchs become Head of Church of England
1620 Great Patent granted to Plymouth Colony
1640 English Long Parliament forms
1906 International Radiotelegraph Conference in Berlin selects "SOS" (· · · – – – · · ·) distress signal as the worldwide standard for help
1957 Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2 with dog Laika aboard, a mostly-Siberian husky, the 1st animal in space
1970 US President Richard Nixon promises gradual troop removal of Vietnam
November 4, 20191576 Eighty Years' War: In Flanders, Spanish defeat Walloon and capture Antwerp
1841 First wagon train arrives in California
1862 Dr Richard Gatling patents Gatling machine gun in Indianapolis
1879 African American inventor Thomas Elkins patents refrigerating apparatus
1922 Howard Carter discovers tomb of Tutankhamun in Egypt
2008 Barack Obama becomes the first African-American to be elected President of the United States, defeating Republican candidate John McCain
November 5, 20191492 Christopher Columbus 1st learns about growing and harvesting maize (corn) from Cuba's indigenous population
1556 Second Battle of Panipat: Hindu Emperor of north India Hem Chandra Vikramaditya defeated by forces of Mughal Emperor Akbar, who captures and later beheads Hem Chandra
1605 Gunpowder Plot: Catholic conspirator Guy Fawkes attempts to blow up King James I and the British Parliament. Plot discovered, Guy Fawkes caught, tortured and later executed along with seven others. Celebrated ever since as Guy Fawkes Day, where his effigy is traditionally burned on a bonfire, accompanied by fireworks.
1937 Adolf Hitler informs his military leaders in a secret meeting of his intentions of going to war
1956 Britain and France land airborne forces at Port Said in Egypt, escalating the Suez Crisis
1979 Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Khomeini describes the United States as "The Great Satan" amid accusations of imperialism and the sponsoring of corruption
November 6, 20191813 Chilpancingo congress declares Mexico independent of Spain
1860 Abraham Lincoln (Rep-R-Ill) elected 16th American President
1913 Mahatma Gandhi arrested for leading Indian miners' march in South Africa
1917 [OS Oct 24] Bolshevik revolution begins with bombardment of the Winter Palace in Petrograd during the Russian October Revolution
1978 Shah of Iran places Iran under military rule; General Gholan Reza Azhari forms government
November 7, 20191492 Ensisheim Meteorite strikes a wheat field near the village of Ensisheim in Alsace, France. Oldest meteorite with a known date of impact.
1872 Cargo ship Mary Celeste sails from Staten Island for Genoa; mysteriously found abandoned four weeks later
1917 [OS Oct 25] October Revolution in Russia; Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize power, capture the Winter Palace and overthrow the Provisional Government.
1931 Chinese People's Republic proclaimed by Mao Zedong
2000 Controversial US presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore is inconclusive; the result, in Bush's favor, is eventually resolved by the Supreme Court
November 8, 2019392 Roman Emperor Theodosius declares Christian religion the state religion
1519 1st meeting of Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II and Spanish Conquistador Hernán Cortés in Tenochtitlan, Mexico
1701 William Penn presents Charter of Priviliges
1734 Vincent la Chapelle, master cook to various nobility and royalty, forms Free Masons Lodge in Netherlands
1895 German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen produces and detects electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as X-rays or Röntgen rays
2002 Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council under Resolution 1441 unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences"
2016 Republican Donald Trump is elected President of the United States of America, defeating democrat Hillary Clinton, who received 2.9 million more votes
November 9, 20191494 Piero the Unfortunate of the de' Medici family, ruler of Florence, loses his power and flees the state
1799 Napoleon Bonaparte pulls off a coup and becomes the dictator of France under the title of First Consul
1980 Iraqi President Saddam Hussein declares holy war against Iran
1994 Chemical element Darmstadtium discovered at GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, German
1998 Brokerage houses are ordered to pay 1.03 billion USD to NASDAQ investors to compensate for price-fixing - largest civil settlement in US history
November 10, 20191619 René Descartes has the dream that inspires his "Meditations on First Philosophy"
1674 Dutch formally cede New Netherlands (New York) to the English
1885 German engineer Gottlieb Daimler unveils the world's first motorcycle
1918 Western Union Cable Office in North Sydney, Nova Scotia receives a top-secret coded message from Europe stating on November 11, 1918 all fighting would cease on land, sea and in the air
1989 Germans begin demolishing the Berlin Wall
November 11, 20191675 German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = f(x) function
1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie's army enters England
1918 WWI armistice signed by the Allies and Germany comes into effect and World War I hostilities end at 11am, "the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"
1975 Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam removed from office by Governor General Sir John Kerr - 1st elected PM removed in 200 yrs
1992 The Church of England approves the ordination of female priests
2004 Yasser Arafat's death through unidentified causes confirmed by Palestine Liberation Organization, Mahmoud Abbas elected PLO chairman minutes later.
November 12, 2019764 Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an for 15 days, capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty
1927 Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, paving the way for Joseph Stalin to consolidate complete power
1942 WWII Naval Battle of Guadalcanal begins between Allied and Japanese forces in Solomon Islands
1968 US Supreme Court: Epperson v. Arkansas, court declares unconstitutional Arkansas law banning teaching evolution in public schools
1970 Cyclone Bhola makes landfall in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) killing up to 500,000, making it the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded
November 13, 20191789 Benjamin Franklin writes "Nothing . . . certain but death & taxes"
1933 1st modern sit-down strike by Hormel meat packers in Austin, Minnesota
1956 US Supreme court rules race separation on buses in Alabama unconstitutional
1980 US spacecraft Voyager 1 sends back 1st close-up pictures of Saturn
1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts in Colombia, killing 25,000 in the town of Armero
November 14, 20191680 Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680 (Kirch's Comet/Newton's Comet)
1896 Power plant at Niagara Falls begins operation
1908 Albert Einstein presents his quantum theory of light
1920 The Russian Bolshevik army occupies Sebastopol, ending anti-communist attempts to regain the government of Russia
November 15, 20191492 Christopher Columbus notes 1st recorded reference to tobacco
1884 European Colonization and trade in Africa is officially regulated at the international Berlin Conference, formalizing European powers "Scramble for Africa"
1904 King C. Gillette patents the Gillette razor blade
1948 Mackenzie King retires after 22 years as Prime Minister of Canada
1969 An estimated 2 million people take part in the Vietnam War Moratorium Demonstration across the United States
November 16, 2019534 Second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus published
1532 Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro captures Inca Emperor Atahualpa after a surprise ambush at Cajamarca in the Peruvian Andes
1776 British troops capture Fort Washington during American Revolution
1945 Founding of UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
1948 Operation Magic Carpet begins with 1st plane from Yemen carrying Jews to Israel
November 17, 20191558 Elizabeth I aged 25 ascends the English throne upon death of her half sister Queen "Bloody" Mary
1800 Congress holds its 1st session in Washington D.C. in an incomplete Capitol Building
1831 Ecuador and Venezuela separated from Greater Colombia
1855 David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls, in what is now Zambia and Zimbabwe
1869 Suez Canal in Egypt opens, linking Mediterranean and Red seas
1922 The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire Mehmed VI is expelled to Malta on British warship
1970 Douglas Engelbart receives the patent for the first computer mouse
November 18, 20191477 First English dated printed book "Dictes & Sayengis of the Phylosophers" by William Caxton
1626 St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated, replacing an earlier basilica on the same site and becoming the world's largest Christian basilica
1916 British General Douglas Haig finally calls off the 1st Battle of the Somme in World War I after more than 1 million soldiers had been killed or wounded
1978 In Jonestown, Guyana, 918 members of the Peoples Temple are murdered or commit suicide under the leadership of cult leader Jim Jones
1993 Black and white leaders in South Africa approve new democratic constitution
November 19, 20191530 The Recess document resulting from the Diet of Augsburg signed by Charles V and catholic princes
1620 The Mayflower reaches Cape Cod and explores the coast
1805 Lewis and Clark Expedition, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, reaches the Pacific Ocean, first European Americans to cross the west
1863 US President Abraham Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg address beginning; "Four score and seven years ago..."
1942 Operation Uranus: Soviet offensive begins during Battle of Stalingrad, 1 million Soviet soldiers encircle the German Sixth Army
1969 Apollo 12's Charles Conrad and Alan Bean become the 3rd and 4th humans on the Moon
1985 US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for first time
November 20, 2019284 Roman soldier Diocletian proclaimed Emperor by the army
762 Bögü, Khan of the Uyghurs, conquers Lo-Yang, capital of the Chinese Empire
1695 Zumbi, the last King of the Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil and ex-slave, is executed and decapitated, his head displayed on a pike to dispel any legends of his immortality
1815 Second Treaty of Paris: France and her allies agree France will pay indemnities after Battle of Waterloo, ending the Napoleonic Wars
1986 World Health Organization announces first global effort to combat AIDS
November 21, 2019164 BC During Maccabbean revolt Judas Maccabaeus recaptures Jersusalem and rededicates the Second Temple, commemorated since as Jewish festival Hanukkah
1620 Mayflower Compact signed by Pilgrims at Cape Cod [O.S. Nov 11]
1791 Colonel Napoléon Bonaparte is promoted to 1st Lieutenant and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the French Republic.
1818 Russia's Tsar Alexander I petitions for a Jewish state in Palestine
1906 China prohibits the opium trade
1970 General Hafez al-Assad becomes Prime Minister of Syria following military coup
1971 Battle of Garibpur: Indian troops aided by the Mukti Bahini, Bengali guerrillas, defeat the army of Pakistan
2017 Robert Mugabe's resignation after 37 years in power is read out in Zimbabwe's parliaments during impeachment proceedings
November 22, 20191497 Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama rounds Cape of Good Hope on way to first voyage from Europe to reach India
1926 Imperial Conference ends, giving autonomy inside British Commonwealth
1935 Flying boat "China Clipper" takes off from Alameda, California, carrying 100,000 pieces of mail on 1st trans-Pacific airmail flight
1963 US President John F. Kennedy assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in an open-topped motorcade in Dallas, Texas
1969 Isolation of a single gene announced by scientists at Harvard University
2005 Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany
November 23, 20191248 Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile after the city capitulates
1644 "Areopagitica", a pamphlet by John Milton decrying censorship, is published
1869 The clipper Cutty Sark is launched In Dumbarton, Scotland, one of the last clippers ever built and the only one still surviving
2005 Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, is elected president of Liberia, the first woman to lead an African country
November 24, 2019380 Theodosius I makes his adventus, or first formal entry, into Constantinople
1639 1st observation of transit of Venus by Jeremiah Horrocks and William Crabtree - helped establish size of the Solar System
1642 Dutch explorer Abel Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
1859 English naturalist Charles Darwin publishes "On the Origin of Species" radically changing the view of evolution and laying the foundation for evolutionary biology
1950 UN troops begin an assault intending to end Korean War by Christmas
1954 France sends 20,000 soldiers to Algeria
November 25, 20191177 Battle of Montgisard: Baldwin IV of Jerusalem defeats Saladin and a larger Ayyubid force
1783 Britain evacuates New York city, its last military position in the United States
1839 Cyclone slams south eastern India with high winds and a 40 foot storm surge, destroying city of Coringa. Storm waves sweep inland, destroying 20,000 ships and killing an estimated 300,000 people
1867 Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel Patents Dynamite
1905 Telimco makes the 1st ever advertisment for a radio set, by advertising a $7.50 set in the "Scientific American" which claimed to receive signals for up to one mile
November 26, 201943 BC Second Triumvirate alliance of Roman leader Octavian (later Caesar Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony formed
1778 British explorer Captain James Cook is the first European to visit Maui in the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii)
1789 1st national Thanksgiving in America
1865 "Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll is published in America
1922 English archaeologist Howard Carter opens Tutankhamun's virtually intact tomb in Egypt
November 27, 20191095 Pope Urban II preaches 1st Crusade
1295 English King Edward I calls what later became known as "The Model Parliament" extending the authorities of its representatives
1493 Christopher Columbus returns to La Navidad colony, finding it destroyed by the 1st native American uprising against Spanish rule. Taíno cacique Caonabo led his people to attack the settlement after the brutal treatment they received from the garrison who disobeyed Columbus's orders.
1807 Portuguese Royal Family and its court of nearly 15,000 people leave Lisbon for their colony of Brazil to escape invading Napoleonic troops
1895 Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel's will establishes the Nobel Prize
November 28, 20191520 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan begins crossing the Pacific Ocean
1814 The Times of London first printed by automatic, steam powered presses built by German inventors Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer - makes newspapers available to a mass audience
1893 Women vote in a national election for the first time, in the New Zealand general election
1919 US-born Lady Nancy Astor elected as the 1st female member of the British House of Commons
1967 1st radio pulsars detected by British postgraduate Jocelyn Bell Burnell and her supervisor Antony Hewish at Cambridge University
Happy Thanksgiving!
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1581 Commissioned by Catherine De Medici, the 1st ballet "Ballet Comique de la Reine" is staged in Paris
1815 Napoleon Bonaparte arrives on island of St Helena to begin his exile
1951 Mexican chemist Luis E. Miramontes synthesizes the first oral contraceptive
1969 Vietnam Moratorium Day; millions nationwide protest the war
1993 Nelson Mandela and South African President F. W. de Klerk awarded the Nobel Peace Prize