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Grasshopper, Administrator
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Nov 27, 2019 02:45PM
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Thank you GB! It was a wonderful day. November 29, 2019
526 A possible date for the Antioch earthquake in present-day Syria (then the Byzantine Empire) which killed 200,000 people
1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie's army moves into Manchester and occupies Carlisle
1877 US inventor Thomas Edison demonstrates his hand-cranked phonograph for the first time
1935 Physicist Erwin Schrödinger publishes his famous thought experiment "Schrödinger's cat", a paradox that illustrates the problem of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics
1951 1st underground atomic explosion at Frenchman Flat in Nevada
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November 30, 20191016 Cnut the Great [Canute], King of Denmark, claims the English throne after the death of Edmund 'Ironside'
1648 English Parliamentary army captures King Charles I
1731 Beijing hit by an earthquake; about 100,000 die
1786 Grand Duke of Tuscany Leopold II promulgates a penal reform, making his the 1st state to abolish the death penalty. November 30 commemorated as Cities for Life Day.
1974 Most complete early human skeleton (Lucy, Australopithecus) discovered by Donald Johanson, Maurice Taieb, Yves Coppens and Tim White in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia's Afar Depression
December 1, 20191913 Ford Motor Company institutes world's 1st moving assembly line for the Model T Ford
1934 Leningrad mayor Sergey Kirov is assassinated and Joseph Stalin uses it as an excuse to begin his Great Purge of 1934-38
1955 Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to move to the back of a bus and give her seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama
1988 Benazir Bhutto named 1st female Prime Minister of a Muslim country (Pakistan)
December 2, 20191804 Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned Emperor of France in Paris
1823 President James Monroe declares his "Monroe Doctrine", a US foreign policy regarding Latin America
1845 Manifest Destiny: US President James K. Polk announces to Congress that the United States should aggressively expand into the West
1929 First skull of Peking man found, 50 km out of Peking at Tsjoe Koe Tien
1976 Fidel Castro becomes President of Cuba, replacing Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado
December 3, 20191586 Sir Thomas Herriot introduces potatoes to England from Colombia
1854 Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 goldminers at Ballarat, Victoria, are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences
1967 1st human heart transplant performed in South Africa by Dr Christiaan Barnard on Louis Washkansky
1984 Bhopal disaster: Union Carbide pesticide plant leak 45 tons of methyl isocyanate and other toxic compounds in Bhopal, India, kills 2,259 (official figure) - other estimates as high as 16,000 (including later deaths) and over half a million injured
1989 Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George H. W. Bush, declare the Cold War over
December 4, 20191534 Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent occupies Baghdad
1563 Council of Trent holds its last session, after 18 years. Last ecumenical council for more than 300 years.
1619 38 colonists from Berkeley Parish, England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God. Considered by many the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.
1791 Britain's Observer, oldest Sunday newspaper in the world, first published
1829 Britain outlaws "suttee" in India (widow burning herself to death on her husband's funeral pyre)
1918 US President Woodrow Wilson sails for Versailles Peace Conference in France
December 5, 2019771 Charlemagne becomes the sole King of the Franks after the death of his brother Carloman
1349 500 Jews of Nuremberg massacred during Black Death riots
1456 Earthquake strikes Naples; about 35,000 die
1848 US President James K. Polk triggers Gold Rush of 1849 by confirming a gold discovery in California
1933 Prohibition ends in the US when 21st Amendment to the US Constitution ratified, 18th Amendment repealed (5:32 PM EST)
1969 Four-node ARPANET network is established
December 6, 20191240 Mongols under Batu Khan occupy and destroy Kiev; out of 50,000 people in the city only 2,000 survive
1865 13th Amendment of the United States Constitution is ratified, abolishing slavery
1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty signed; Ireland receives dominion status; partition creates Northern Ireland
1998 Hugo Chávez is elected President of Venezuela
2006 NASA reveals photographs taken by Mars Global Surveyor suggesting the presence of liquid water on Mars
December 7, 201943 BC Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman orator and politician is assassinated in Formiae
1909 Inventor Leo Baekeland patents the first thermo-setting plastic, Bakelite, sparking the birth of the plastics industry
1941 Imperial Japanese Navy with 353 planes attack the US fleet at Pearl Harbor Naval Base, Hawaii, killing 2,403 people
1965 Pope Paul VI & Orthodox Patriarch Athenagoras I simultaneously lift mutual excommunications that led to split of 2 churches in 1054
1988 PLO delegation lead by Yasser Arafat proclaims the State of Palestine, recognizing the existence of the State of Israel for the first time
1988 6.9 earthquake in Spitak, Armenia kills 25,000-50,000 people and leaves up to 500,000 homeless
December 8, 20191863 Abraham Lincoln issues his Amnesty Proclamation and plan for Reconstruction of the South
1941 US and Britain declare war on Japan, US enters World War II
1941 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers "Day of Infamy" speech to US Congress a day after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
1965 Pope Paul VI signs 2nd Vatican council
1966 US and USSR sign treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons in outer space
2004 Cuzco Declaration is signed in Cuzco, Peru, establishing the Union of South American Nations
December 9, 2019536 Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city, returning the old capital to its empire
1212 Frederick II (later also Holy Roman Emperor) crowned King of Germany in Mainz
1968 NLS (a system for which hypertext and the computer mouse were developed) is publicly demonstrated for the first time in San Francisco.
1990 Lech Wałęsa wins Poland's 1st direct presidential election in Poland
1992 Operation Restore Hope: US Marines land in Somalia
December 10, 20191520 Martin Luther publicly burns papal edict demanding he recant
1684 Isaac Newton's derivation of Kepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the Royal Society by Edmond Halley
1799 Metric system first adopted in France
1898 Spanish-American War formally ended by the Treaty of Paris; US acquires Philippines, Puerto Rico & Guam
1901 First Nobel Peace Prizes awarded to Red Cross founder Jean Henri Dunant and peace activist Frederic Passy
1936 Edward VIII signs Instrument of Abdication, giving up the British throne to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson
1964 Nobel Peace Prize presented to Dr Martin Luther King Jr. in Oslo
December 11, 20191620 102 Mayflower Pilgrims and about 30 crew land at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts [NS, Dec 21]
1792 France's King Louis XVI goes on trial, accused of high treason and crimes against the state
1913 "Mona Lisa" recovered 2 years after it was stolen from the Louvre Museum
1931 Statute of Westminster gives complete legislative independence to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland (Free State), and Newfoundland (not then part of Canada)
1936 Edward VIII announces in a radio broadcast that he is abdicating the British throne to marry Wallis Simpson
1946 UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) established (Nobel 1965)
1997 Delegates from 150 industrial nations attending a UN climate conference in Kyoto, Japan, reach agreement to control heat-trapping greenhouse gases
December 12, 2019627 Battle at Nineveh: Byzantine Emperor Heraclius beats Sassanid forces during Byzantine-Sassanid War
1901 Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio signal, from Poldhu in Cornwall to Newfoundland, Canada
1925 Last Qajar Shah of Iran deposed; Rezā Shāh Pahlavi takes over
1946 UN accepts 6 Manhattan blocks as a gift from John D. Rockefeller Jr
2000 US Supreme Court releases its decision in Bush v. Gore, settling the recount dispute in Florida's 2000 presidential election in George W. Bush's favor and thus handing him the presidency
2015 COP21 climate change summit in Paris reaches a deal between 195 countries to limit the rise in the global average temperature to less than 2°C above pre-industrial levels
December 13, 20191577 Sir Francis Drake sets sail from England on a circumnavigation of the world
1920 League of nations establishes the International Court of Justice in The Hague
2002 Enlargement of the European Union: The European Union announces that Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia will become members from May 1, 2004.
2003 Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is captured near his home town of Tikrit, during Operation Red Dawn by US forces
December 14, 2019644 Uthman ibn Affan, companion of Muhammad, appointed 3rd Caliph of Islam
1287 During St. Lucia's Flood in Northwest Netherlands the Zuiderzee seawall collapses with loss of over 50,000 lives. Fifth largest recorded flood in history
1542 Princess Mary Stuart succeeds her father James V and becomes Queen Mary I of Scotland at 6 days old
1774 First incident of American Revolution - 400 attack Fort William and Mary, New Hampshire
1911 Norwegian Roald Amundsen's expedition is the 1st to each the South Pole
1995 The Dayton Agreement is signed in Paris by leaders of various governments ending the conflict in the former Yugoslavia including Slobodan Milošević, Alija Izetbegović, Franjo Tuđman and Bill Clinton
December 15, 2019533 Byzantine General Belisarius defeats the Vandals, under King Gelimer, at the Battle of Ticameron
1256 Hulagu Khan captures and destroys Hashshashin stronghold at Alamut, in present-day Iran, part of the Mongol offensive on Islamic southwest Asia
1488 Bartolomeu Dias returns to Portugal after becoming 1st known European to sail round the Cape of Good Hope
1612 German Astronomer Simon Marius is 1st to observe Andromeda galaxy through a telescope
1791 US Bill of Rights ratified when Virginia gives its approval, becomes amendments 1-10 of the US constitution
1840 Napoleon Bonaparte receives a French state funeral in Paris 19 years after his death
1973 American Psychiatric Association declares homosexuality is not a mental illness
December 16, 2019755 An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion during Chinese Tang Dynasty
1598 Seven Year War: Battle of Noryang Point - in the final battle of the war Korean navy decisively defeats the Japanese
1653 Parliamentarian General Oliver Cromwell appointed as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland
1773 Boston tea party incident - Sons of Liberty protesters throw tea shipments into Boston harbour in protest against British imposed Tea Act
1920 8.5 earthquake rocks the Gansu province in China, killing an estimated 200,000
1944 Nazi Germany launches a counteroffensive against the Allies in the Ardennes region of Belgium, beginning the 'Battle of the Bulge'
1998 Iraq disarmament crisis: Operation Desert Fox - the United States and United Kingdom bomb targets in Iraq
December 17, 20191398 Timur (Tamerlane) captures and sacks Delhi, defeating Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud's armies by setting camels loaded with hay alight and charging them at the Sultans armoured elephants
1526 Pope Clemens VII publishes degree Cum ad zero - forms Inquisition
1788 Russian army of Grigory Potemkin occupies Ocharov
1903 The Wright brothers make the first sustained motorized aircraft flight at 10:35 AM, piloted by Orville Wright at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
1986 Mrs Davina Thompson makes medical history by having the 1st heart, lung & liver transplant at Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England
December 18, 2019218 BC Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal's Carthaginian army heavily defeat Roman forces on Italian soil
1271 Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty of China
1603 First fleet of the Dutch East India Company under Admiral Steven van der Haghen departs for the East-Indies
1957 World's 1st full scale nuclear power plant for only peacetime use begins to generate electricity, at the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania
December 19, 20191776 Thomas Paine publishes his 1st "American Crisis" essay beginning"These are the times that try men's souls" (date disputed)
1783 William Pitt the Younger becomes the youngest ever British Prime Minister at age 24
1932 British Broadcasting Corp begins transmitting overseas
1950 Tibet's Dalai Lama flees Chinese invasion
1958 1st radio broadcast from space, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower Christmas message "to all mankind, America's wish for peace on Earth and goodwill to men everywhere"
1984 Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher sign the Sino-British Joint Declaration to transfer Hong Kong back to China in 1997
December 20, 20191522 Suleiman the Magnificent accepts surrender of the surviving Knights of Rhodes, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually settle in Malta and become known as the Knights of Malta.
1606 Virginia Company settlers leave London to establish Jamestown, Virginia
1803 French flag lowered in New Orleans to mark the formal transfer of the Louisiana Purchase from France to USA for $27M
1812 "Grimm's Fairy Tales" or "Children's and Household Tales" by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm is first published
1917 Cheka formed - Soviet state security force and forerunner to the KGB, under Felix Dzerzhinsky after decree by Lenin
1960 The National Liberation Front, better known as the Viet Cong, is officially formed in South Vietnam
December 21, 20191620 102 Mayflower Pilgrims and about 30 crew land at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts [OS=Dec 11]
1898 French Scientists Pierre and Marie Curie discover radium
1988 Lockerbie disaster: Pan Am Flight 103 destroyed mid air by a terrorist bomb killing all 258 on board over Scotland
1991 Soviet Union formally dissolves as 11 of 12 republics sign treaty forming Commonwealth of Independent States
December 22, 20191790 Supposedly impenetrable Turkish fortress of Izmail stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies during the Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)
1877 Thomas Edison's Phonograph is announced by Scientific American
1885 Itō Hirobumi, a samurai, becomes the first Prime Minister of Japan
1989 After 23 years of dictatorial rule, Romania ousts Nicolae Ceausescu
1990 Lech Wałęsa sworn in as Poland's 1st popularly elected president
December 23, 2019962 Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed city of Aleppo, recovering the tattered tunic of John the Baptist
1688 King James II, the last Roman Catholic British monarch flees to France from William of Orange
1783 US General George Washington resigns his military commission as Commander-in-Chief of the Army to Congress
1888 Vincent van Gogh cuts off his left ear with a razor, after argument with fellow painter Paul Gauguin, and sends to a prostitute for safe keeping
1920 Government of Ireland Act / Home Rule Act passed partitioning Ireland
1954 The first human kidney transplant is performed by Dr. Joseph E. Murray at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts
December 24, 20191565 Compromise of the Nobles in Habsburg Netherlands closes against inquisition
1814 Treaty of Ghent signed, ending the War of 1812 between the United States, the United Kingdom and their allies
1936 1st radioactive isotope medicine administered in Berkeley, California
1943 US President FDR appoints General Eisenhower Supreme Commander of the Allied forces
Merry Christmas everyone!December 25, 2019
1 1st Christmas, according to calendar-maker Dionysus Exiguus
800 Pope Leo III crowns Charles the Great (Charlemagne), Roman Emperor
1066 William the Conqueror is crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey, completing the Norman conquest of England
1741 Astronomer Anders Celsius introduces Centigrade temperature scale
1868 Despite bitter opposition, US President Andrew Johnson grants unconditional pardon to all persons involved in Southern rebellion (Civil War)
1991 Mikhail Gorbachev formally resigns as President of USSR in a televised speech
December 26, 20191492 1st Spanish settlement La Navidad in the New World is founded by Christopher Columbus (modern Môle-Saint-Nicolas in Haiti)
1792 Trial of French King Louis XVI, court hears the kings defense brought by Raymond Desèze
1825 Decembrist uprising in Russia against Tsar Nicholas I begins [O.S. 14 December]
2004 9.3 magnitude earthquake creates a tsunami causing devastation in Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Maldives and edges of the Indian Ocean, killing 230,000 people
December 27, 20191512 Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regards to native Indians in the New World
1657 "Flushing Remonstrance" petition signed in the Dutch colony of New Netherland, protesting the ban on Quaker worship
1939 Between 20,000 & 40,000 die in magnitude 8 quake in Erzincam, Turkey
1945 International Monetary Fund formally established by 29 member countries based on ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes
1949 Queen Juliana of the Netherlands grants independence to Indonesia
1979 After invading Afghanistan two days earlier Soviet forces pull off a coup in Kabul, killing President Hafizullah Amin
December 28, 20191065 Westminster Abbey in London consecrated
1612 First observation of Neptune - Galileo observes and records a "fixed star" without realising it is a planet
1767 King Taksin crowned King of Thailand and establishes Thonburi as his capital
1836 Spain recognizes the independence of Mexico
1860 Harriet Tubman arrives in Auburn, New York, on her last mission to free slaves, having evaded capture for 8 years on the Underground Railroad
1908 Earthquake strikes Messina, Italy, killing nearly 80,000
1943 All Kalmyk inhabitants of the Republic of Kalmukkie deported by the Soviet Union to Central Asia and Siberia. Many die en route.
December 29, 20191835 Treaty of New Echota is signed between the US government and representatives of a minority Cherokee political faction to cede all lands of the Cherokee east of the Mississippi River to the United States
1845 Texas admitted as 28th state of the Union
1903 French Equatorial Africa separates into Gabon, Chad and Ubangi-Shari
1911 Sun Yat-sen elected 1st President of the Republic of China
1997 Hong Kong begins slaughtering all its chickens to prevent bird flu
December 30, 20191460 Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield (Northern England), Duke of York killed and his forces soundly defeated by forces for King Henry VI
1703 Tokyo hit by Earthquake; about 37,000 die
1906 The All India Muslim League is founded in Dacca, East Bengal, British India Empire, later laid down the foundations of Pakistan
1922 Creation of the USSR formally proclaimed in Moscow from the Bolshoi Theatre, Soviet Union organized as a federation of RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Belorussian SSR and Transcaucasian SSR
1924 Astronomer Edwin Hubble formally announces existence of other galactic systems at meeting of the American Astronomical Society
1950 Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia become Independent states within the French Union
December 31, 2019406 80,000 Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine at Mainz, beginning invasion of Gallia
1744 English astronomer James Bradley announces discovery of Earth's nutation motion (wobble)
1775 Battle of Quebec in American Revolutionary War; Americans defeated trying to take British stronghold
1861 22,990mm of rain falls in Cherrapunji Assam in India in 1861, a world record
1958 Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista tells his Cabinet he is fleeing the country
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