2025 Reading Challenge discussion
ARCHIVE 2022
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Cosmic Universe in 2022
Barnaby Rudge
Novels about the
Gordon Riots
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordo...
George Walker
Maria Edgeworth
Marie Edgeworth
"In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. This was beginning with God and the duty of every faithful monk would be to repeat every day with chanting humility the one never-changing event whose incontrovertible truth can be asserted. But we see now through a glass darkly, and the truth, before it is revealed to all, face to face, we see in fragments (alas, how illegible) in the error of the world, so we must spell out its faithful signals even when they seem obscure to us and as if amalgamated with a will wholly bent on evil."The Name of the Rose
https://youtu.be/3uc2q20x-XM
Notes from video:
Languages = 156
156th Prime is 911
“The basic tool for the manipulation of words. If you can control the meaning of words, you can control the people who must use the words.” Philp K. Dick
This means that the manipulation of reality is anchored through the manipulation of words.
Words = 79
Serpent = 79
Every letter in our alphabet is a glyph and it has been designed in a certain way to provoke energies.
Your Words Create Your Reality.
Words = Worlds
Words CreateWorlds”
Some Thoughts on the power of words.
Thoughts are Things book By Prentice Mufford
“The God in You” is a collection of essays written by American “New Thought” pioneer Prentice Mulford. The goa of the book is to help the reader to discover how to get to know his inner forces and how to get in touch with the god and its' spirit using those forces and possibilities from within himself.
Words = Worlds
John 1 King James Version
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
WORDS
WOR(L)DS
L= RIGHT ANGLE = LOCK
LO = SQUARING THE CIRCLE
L= EL = LORD
EPITHET FOR SATURN
L (EL) (LORD) LOCKS THE WORLD IN PLACE THROUGH THE WORD.
THIS IS WHY YOU HAVE THE L IN WORLDS BECAUSE IT LOCKS THE WORD INTO PLACE (THE WORLD).
WE ARE THE LORDS LOCKING OUR WORLD INTO PLACE THROUGH WORDS.
SYNTAX “THE” OR “A” PREDICATES MOST COMMONLY USED.
THE IS “THEOS” IS THE MOST USED WORD IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ACCOUNTS FOR 5% OF EVERY 100 WORDS.
“THE” = 33 (ENGLISH ORIGINAL)
“THE WORD” = 33 (REVERSE FULL REDUCTION
“DRAGONS” = 33
THE IS A WORD THAT STARTS A SENTENCE OR STARTS AN INVOCATION.
A-> STARTS A SENTENCE
A → CORRECT WAY TO START SENTENCE SITS PRIOR A SUBJECT
A → STARTS THE ALPHABET (ALPHA/BETA) A/B
ETYMOLOGY The English word alphabet came into Middle English from the Late Latin word alphabetum, which in turn originated in Greek. (alphabetos)l The Greek word was made from the first two letters alph and beta.
A = the 4 elemental glyph (the triangle) for Fire, Water, Earth and Air. Notice (EL)ements.
A the symbol of the Eye of Providence on the back of the dollar bill.
A begins the alphabet and begins the pyramid or the capstone. They are letting you know right away.
The Name of the Rosehttps://trappedinthescriptorium.com/2...
" In his Postscript to "The Name of the Rose," Umberto Eco Asks:
What does it mean, to imagine a reader able to overcome the penitential obstacle of the first hundred pages? It means, precisely, writing one hundred pages for the purpose of constructing a reader suitable for what comes afterward....
What model read did I want as I was writing? An accomplice, to be sure, one who would play my game....But at the same time, with all my might, I wanted to create a type of reader who, once the initiation was past, would become my prey -- or, rather, the prey of the text -- and would think he wanted nothing butwhat the text was offering him.
-------------------------------------------
characters
https://www.litcharts.com/lit/the-nam...
Patrick of Clonmacnois
Because of its auspicious location at the crossroads of two major medieval traffic routes, this Irish monastery became bigger and more important than any other at the time.
By the mid 8th century the site had expanded into a thriving centre of learning and art. This Irish monastery wasn’t just any old monastery. It featured up to 17 churches. The walls of 10 of those are still intact. The monastic site had a 10 acre settlement area attached to it which housed not only monks, but also lay people. There were traders and crafts people such as metal workers and stone carvers. There were people with all the skills necessary to run a medieval town.
In fact, at the time, this place boasted Irelands’ largest settlement outside Dublin, such was its’ importance. A huge farming area was associated with the monastery which may have stretched as far as 15 kilometres either side of the river Shannon.
Rabano of Toledo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,...
Located on the banks of the Tagus in central Iberia, Toledo is known as the "Imperial City" because it was the main venue of the court of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in Spain, and as the "City of the Three Cultures" for the cultural influences of Christians, Muslims, and Jews reflected in its history. It was the capital from 542 to 725 AD of the Visigothic kingdom, which followed the fall of the Roman Empire, and the location of historic events such as the Councils of Toledo. The city, seat of a powerful archdiocese for much of its history, has a Gothic Cathedral, the Catedral Primada de España ("The Primate Cathedral of Spain"), and a long history in the production of bladed weapons, which are now common souvenirs of the city.
Magnus of Iona
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iona
Iona (/aɪˈoʊnə/; Scottish Gaelic: Ì Chaluim Chille (IPA:[ˈiːˈxaɫ̪ɯimˈçiʎə]), sometimes simply Ì; Scots: Iona) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides, off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland. It is mainly known for Iona Abbey, though there are other buildings on the island. Iona Abbey was a centre of Gaelic monasticism for three centuries[4] and is today known for its relative tranquility and natural environment.[7] It is a tourist destination and a place for spiritual retreats. Its modern Scottish Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised as "Icolmkill").
Waldo of Hereford
The Name of the Rose“But you were speaking of other outcasts; it isn’t lepers who form heretical movements.” “The flock is like a series of circles with one single center, from the broadest range of the flock to its immediate surroundings. The lepers are a sign of exclusion in general. Saint Francis understood that. He didn’t want only to help the lepers; if he had, his action would have been reduced to an act of impotent charity. He wanted to say something else. Have you been told about his preaching to the birds?” “Oh, yes, I’ve heard that beautiful story, and I admired the saint who enjoyed the company of those tender creatures of God,” I said with great fervor. “Well, what they told you was mistaken, or, rather, it’s a story the order has revised today. When Francis spoke to the people of the city and its magistrates and saw they didn’t understand him, he went out to the cemetery and began preaching to ravens and magpies, to hawks, to raptors feeding on corpses.” “What a horrible thing!” I said. “Then they were not good birds!” “They were birds of prey, outcast birds, like the lepers. Francis was surely thinking of that verse of the Apocalypse that says: ‘I saw an angel standing in the sun; and he cried with a loud voice, saying to all the fowls that fly in the midst of heaven, Come and gather yourselves together at the supper of the great God; that ye may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them, and the flesh of all men, both free and bond, both small and great!’” “So Francis wanted to incite the outcasts to revolt?” “No, that was what Fra Dolcino and his followers wanted, if anybody did. Francis wanted to call the outcast, ready to revolt, to be part of the people of God. If the flock was to be gathered again, the outcasts had to be found again. Francis didn’t succeed, and I say it with great bitterness. To recover the outcasts he had to act within the church, to act within the church he had to obtain the recognition of his rule, from which an order would emerge, and this order, as it emerged, would recompose the image of a circle, at whose margin the outcasts remain. So now do you understand why there are bands of Fraticelli and Joachimites who again gather the outcasts around themselves?” “But we weren’t talking about Francis; we were talking about how heresy is produced by the simple and the outcast.” “Yes. We were talking about those excluded from the flock of sheep. For centuries, as pope and emperor tore each other apart in their quarrels over power, the excluded went on living on the fringe, like lepers, of whom true lepers are only the illustration ordained by God to make us understand this wondrous parable, so that in saying ‘lepers’ we would understand ‘outcast, poor, simple, excluded, uprooted from the countryside, humiliated in the cities.’ But we did not understand; the mystery of leprosy has continued to haunt us because we have not recognized the nature of the sign. Excluded as they were from the flock, all of them were ready to hear every sermon that, harking back to the word of Christ, would in effect condemn the behavior of the dogs and shepherds and would promise their punishment one day. The powerful always knew this. Acknowledging the outcasts meant reducing their own privileges, so the outcasts who were acknowledged as outcasts had to be branded as heretics, whatever their doctrine. And for their part, maddened by their exclusion, they were not interested in any doctrine. This is the illusion of heresy. The faith a movement proclaims doesn’t count: what counts is the hope it offers. Scratch the heresy and you will find the leper. Every battle against heresy wants only to keep the leper as he is. As for the lepers, what can you ask of them? That they distinguish between two definitions of the Trinity or of the Eucharist? Come, Adso, these games are for us men of learning. The simple have other problems. And mind you, they solve them all in the wrong way. This is why they become heretics.” “But why do some people support them?” “Because it serves their purposes, which concern the faith rarely, and more often the conquest of power.” “Is that why the church of Rome accuses all its adversaries of heresy?” “That is why, and that is also why it recognizes as orthodoxy any heresy it can bring back under its own control or must accept
because the heresy has become too strong. But there is no precise rule. This holds true also for kings and commoners. Some time ago, in Cremona, the Emperor’s followers helped the Cathars, but only to embarrass the church of Rome. Sometimes the city magistrates encourage the heretics only so that they translate the Gospel into the vernacular: the vernacular by now is the language of the cities, Latin the language of Rome and the monasteries. And sometimes the magistrates support the Waldensians, because they declare that all, men and women, lowly and mighty, can teach and preach, and so they eliminate the distinction that makes clerics irreplaceable!” “But why, then, do the same city magistrates rebel against the heretics and give the church a powerful hand in having them burned?”
“Because they realize the heretics jeopardize also the privileges of the laity who speak in the vernacular. Two hundred years ago, during a council, it was said that no credence should be given to those foolish and illiterate men the Waldensians. It was said, if I recall properly, that they have no fixed dwelling, they go about barefoot and possess nothing, holding everything as common property, following naked the naked Christ, but if given too much room they will drive out everyone else. To avoid this calamity, the cities then favored the mendicant orders, and us Franciscans in particular: we fostered a harmonious balance between the need for penance and the life of the city, between the church and the burghers, concerned for their trade. . . .” “Was harmony achieved, then, between love of God and love of trade?” “No, the movements of spiritual renewal were blocked; they were channeled within the bounds of an order recognized by the Pope. But what circulated underneath was not channeled. It flowed, on the one hand, into the movements of the flagellants, who endanger no one, or into the armed bands like Fra Dolcino’s, or into the witchcraft rituals of the monks of Montefalco that Ubertino was talking about. . . .” “But who was right, who is right, who was wrong?” I asked, bewildered. “They were all right in their way, and all were mistaken.” “And you,” I cried, in an access almost of rebellion, “why don’t you take a position, why won’t you tell me where the truth is?” William remained silent for a while, holding the lens he was working on up to the light. Then he lowered it to the table and showed me, through the lens, a tool. “Look,” he said to me. “What do you see?” “The tool, a bit larger.”
Eco, Umberto. The Name of the Rose . HMH Books. Kindle Edition.
Catharshttps://papistpress.wordpress.com/201...
https://sites.bu.edu/russian-poetry/b...
The Doomsday cult.
We now turn our attention to the Albigensian cult, or as they were also known the Cathars or Cathari – the ‘Pure Ones’.
The secret history of the Albigensians.
The Albigensian cult epitomises the concept of a death cult, or doomsday cult. It had remarkably ‘modern’ characteristics. Or you could say ‘modern’ thought isn’t modern at all.
To trace the history of the Abligensians, we must first go back to the Bogomils of Macedonia. The Bogomils arose in the 10th century. Bogomil, the alleged name of the cult leader who spread socialistic ideas of the brotherhood of man, that everyone was ‘equal’ (they rejected the feudal society’s class system; believing equal men could not command one another, and that heaven could be achieved on earth). Bogomil meant ‘dear to god’ in Macedonian. Yet it is also the word from which we derive ‘buggery’.
Although professing to be equal there were in fact 3 visible grades of Bogomil. The Babuni or Elder Leaders, also known as the ‘Perfecti’. Beneath them were the ‘semi-perfect’, the mere followers were called the ‘simple hearers’. Many cults have an exoteric, triple-graded system.
In the 10th century Macedonia was a vassal of the Bulgarian Empire. Within short order the Bogomil cult had spread as wide as the Black Sea and the Atlantic coast of Western Europe. Bogomils were also known as Cathar/i, Valdens, Paulicians, Paterens and Kufgeri: depending on their location.
Macedonia was in revolt against its foreign overlords and the Bogomil cult provided a politico-religious foundation to the rebellion: uniting all classes against their overlords. The Bulgar Empire and the Eastern Empire/Orthodox church united to wipe them out.
A similar movement was to arise under John Bull’s version of 'socialist-Christianity' during the Peasants revolt in England in 1381; no doubt Bull was inspired by the proto-protestant/communistic teachings of Wycliffe whose followers the Lollards were also destroyed.
Although a proto-socialist movement, Bogomilism linked its fate to a nationalist rebellion. This will be of importance later. By the end of the 12th century the Bogomil cult had created a large following in northern Italy. Many Italian cities had Cathar churches. It is surprising the papacy tolerated them as long as it did.
The Secret Book of the Bogomils.
The Secret Book of the Bogomils was said to contain:
1. The prehistory of the Creation.
2. The true story of the Creation.
3.The ‘future-history’ of Mankind.
The beliefs of the Bogomils were a mix of Arian Christianity (Jesus was not the incarnation but a lesser spirit), Dualism (which is received from Manicheanism – a good god and evil one at war), and various ‘Gnostic’ doctrines.
The Secret Book was written in Old-Church Macedonian script, also known as the Glagolithc alphabet. It was disseminated throughout central Europe from the Bogomil base on the island of Golem Grad in lake Prespa, Macedonia. From Macedonia the text found its way to Bosnia, Croatia, Lombardy, Carcassone and Montsegur in France.
The Albigensians/Cathars, as they were known in France, had a large secret literature stored in the Castle of Monteforte near Acti Piedmont, and Florence Italy. This literature was later destroyed by both the Cathars themselves, and the Catholic Church.
The New Year: Cult calenders.
Cults are obsessed with ‘time-bending’, that is the recreation of time to suit cult goals. The Cathar calender had the following attributes:
1.The year consisted of 10 months.
2. Each month was 36 days long.
3. A week has six days.
4. Saturday and not Sunday was the day of rest.
5. No human name was to be used to denote a month.
6. The end of the year culminated in 5 spare days, known as ‘death days’. During these 5 days, Cathars were to celebrate the ‘divine powers of creation’.
Eventually the Catholic Church and the Feudal Lords of France decided to exterminate the Cathar ‘heresy’. The Albigensian Crusade led by Simon D’ Monfort led to the infamous siege and human bonfire at the Castle at Montsegur (‘secure mountain’*). The Crusaders believed the Cathars possessed the actual Holy Grail. After a siege of one year, 200 Perfecti marched calmly yet joyfully to the stake (much like Socrates), singing happily all the way.
(*Mountains are often prominent symbols in world myths.)
The legacy.
Undoubtedly the Cathars secured a long legacy. Much of their ideas now permeate modern Protestant, and Catholic churches. They laid the foundation for Protestantism, Socialism, and Communism. They created a powerful political-revolutionary ideology, force and structure.
Their secret doctrines influenced Freemasonry, the Bavarian ‘Perfectablists’, the Rosicrucians, and interestingly, the Thule Society which founded Nazism. The liberal humanist movement also finds its roots in this odd medieval sect. It is to the actual practises and teachings of the Albigenisians that we now turn.
Realities of cult life.
The practical realities of living in Utopia can be a strange thing. What did the Cathars actually teach? And how did they live their daily lives?
Like all Gnostics, the Cathars believed that the material world and everything in it was evil. They believed the god of the old Testament was the evil being that had created the material world. The Cathar’s ‘god’, as preached by their ‘Jesus’ was the good god, the god that was of spirit. Like all Gnostics, only a group of ‘Pure Ones’ possessed ‘truth’. Their teachings otherwise were similar to the later Protestants. However the implications of this cult were profound, affecting all aspects of human social life: marriage, sexual practices and morality, and importantly - political life.
The Albigensians had a deep hatred for Christian iconography, they were known to tear down crosses and stamp on them on a spur-of-the-moment basis, they thought nothing of burning altars. They were also sexually libertine: all sex was regarded as evil. They rejected marriage – because it meant bringing children into the world. To them pregnancy was diabolical. They believed ‘sex’ was for pleasure only, and that regular adultery was preferable to monogamy. To the Albigensian all forms of sexual perversion were preferable to a child-rearing family. Heterosexual couples were advised to practise sodomy if sex must occur. As with all Manichean sects this led in two directions – either total asceticism or total hedonism.
If marriages did occur amongst the Albigensians the women had to be dominant. Husbands had to agree to live as celibates. To
touch a woman in even an innocent way was deemed ‘sinful and degrading’. Fasting could be imposed on the man, even if the woman did the touching. The Albigensians therefore believed by extension that abortion* was to be ‘highly commended’. As well as trying to stop life entering the world, the Abligensians were also in favour of eugenics and euthanasia.
Albigensianism certainly qualifies as a doomsday cult because if you took such practices at face value, in a generation you’d have no cult left. And that’s almost what happened...
The seriously ill amongst them were not treated but encouraged to leave this terrible world by committing suicide (Moore advocated this in his Utopia). Thereby no medical advance would be possible. They routinely practised what is euphemistically called today ‘assisted suicide’. The Albigensians would either starve or suffocate the ill. This is standard practise today in many hospitals – the withholding of food and water to kill off the ‘terminally ill’. This act occurred in the home in the time of the Albigensians. The ill person was presented with the Hobson’s choice of suffocation or starvation. Albigensian leaders forbade relatives from feeding dying loved ones. If the relatives could not be trusted to do their religious 'duty', the ill were removed from the home and then dispatched.
The Albigensians also practised the killing of very sick children. The technical term is ‘post-partum infanticide’. Parental rights were routinely undermined and cult leaders would monitor family homes to ensure cult rules were enforced without exception.
However, believing in reincarnation as they did, they were avowed vegans (excepting fish), believing animals to have superior rights to those of humans.
In law, the Albigensians were strictly opposed to capital punishment for criminals. Apparently they only supported the death of innocent people. In fact, they believed the state had no right to enforce any laws. Any rule of law under Albigensian practices was impossible. The Albigensians believed stealing was good, as long a you stole from the right kind of person. That is a non-Albigenisian.
Dominican friars tried to convert Albigensians to Catholicism in the 13th century. Albigensian knights murdered the friars. The Catholic church then wiped the Cathars out….well almost. In fact some Albigensians hid in Alpine passes. And some migrated to America.
(*Abortion was condemned by the Catholic Church after the fall of the Western Roman Empire; in part this was because depopulation had started to threaten the post Roman Western world. Whatever a person’s beliefs on abortion are, the Albigensian position was at the least bizarre and socially suicidal - self-genocidal - if practised with zeal.)
Conclusion.
You do not have to be either a Catholic or pro-feudal too see that something very strange was going on.
Cults look for social ills within a society. Dissatisfaction is a breeding ground for them. On such ground they flourish like
weeds. The curing of social ills requires complete conversation to a belief system that is entirely intolerant of opposition. The cults hate humans, especially the young and old – humans incapable of immediate labour are of no use. Cults practise no compassion toward the unfortunate, although proclaim that they have more compassion, until they take control. The glorification of death is the secret religion of all cults. So if we are to construct our perfect cult it must:
1. Be intolerant of all opposition.
2. Create a cult of death.
3. Teach its slaves that their only value is as a human cog in the machine.
Mind Benders’ rule 18: Ideas are inherently hypnotic because they operate human minds from non-conscious levels. What the mind sees as ‘acceptable’ it will action the body to act upon.
The Rogue Hypnotist. How to Manipulate Everyone: Exposing the Mind Benders (p.128- 134). Kindle Edition.
How to Manipulate Everyone: Exposing the Mind Benders
The Library of BabelThe Library of BabelGlenn Russel review
https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...
Labyrinths: Selected Stories & Other Writings
a Amazon review of the Labyrinths:
"You cannot read this book, these essays, without flying into an alternate, confusing, fearful reality.
So. Do it!
But it's not for the faint of heart. And if you don't get all the allusions (I don't for sure), keep going.
Spoiler: one or two essays in this book were foundation for "Name of the Rose". You'll see.
If you want to immerse yourself in alternate reality -- this is the book. Otherwise -- put it down.
Glenn Russel's review:
https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...
The Name of the RoseThe Romance of the Rose
https://archive.org/details/romanceof...
review off of Amazon
5.0 out of 5 stars A milestone, in fact the starting block, of modern western literature
Reviewed in the United States on April 11, 2021
Verified Purchase
This is one of the most important books in western literature. The Romance of the Rose, the most popular and widely read, and the first among the medieval romances and "courtly love" poems. It is here that a synthesis between ancient pagan and modern Christian values is first attempted, and perhaps, achieved. An immensely readable book, to boot. Frances Horgan's trans. is fluent and very likeable (I have no comparison with other trans.); her introduction is helpful, though she misses, in my view, the central point of the work. Which is kudos to its codifications and camouflage. Presumably she has at least an inkling that there is more to it than she covers in her "Introduction": she ends with the cautionary remark, "Perhaps one reason for the continuing fascination exercised by this somewhat daunting work is that there are as many ways of approaching it as there are readers." I don't actually think so; I think there is one clear thread through the work that the authors--yes, both of them, for they are aligned and not contrarian, with Jean adding a lot of discourse but also some real substance to Guillaume--pursued unerringly and consistently. This is for each reader to find out (or not, or to ignore) as they see fit.
Notes:
Many a man holds dreams to be but lies,
All fabulous; but there have been some dreams
No whit deceptive, as was later found.
One might well cite Macrobius, who wrote
The story of the Dream of Scipio,
And was assured that dreams are ofttimes true. (1.1-6)
The poet begins by introducing the popular medieval topic of dreams and their debatable significance. The "dream vision" format lends importance to something that is not an otherwise
"authorized" story, and it allows free play of allegory, all under the convenient protection of its validity's own dubiousness. The poet insists that "No single thing which in my dream appeared /
Has failed to find fulfillment in my life" (1.19-20). So the entire work is a mere prelude to an
application in real life that we will never hear.
Is this allegorical, illusions?
Cosmic wrote: "Catharshttps://papistpress.wordpress.com/201...
https://sites.bu.edu/russian-poetry/b...
The Doomsday ..."
Thanks for this information.
The Hound of the BaskervillesHe Arthur Conan Doyle read The History of Henry Esmond, Esq.
The Ordeal of Richard Feverel
And
Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada.: Introduction
Arthur Conan Doyle
Full name
Dr. Arthur Conan Ignatius Doyle
Based Sherlock Holms character on The Murders in the Rue Morgue - a C. Auguste Dupin Short Story
Aguste Dupin
And
Dr Joseph Bell whose intellectual approach was to gather evidence to make astonishing medical diagnosie.
---------------------------------------------------------------
https://www.goodreads.com/author_blog...
I want to read this and see if this was the Sir Henry reference in Baskerville.
BASKERVILLE HALL HOTEL, HAUNTED INSPIRATION FOR CONAN DOYLE
https://www.spookyisles.com/baskervil...
Did learn that Baskerville is a font.
https://www.fontbros.com/fonts/Basker...
The Adventure of the Dancing Men
_---------------------------------
However, with the ailing and childless Charles II of Spain approaching his end, a new conflict over the inheritance of the Spanish Empire would soon embroil Louis XIV and the Grand Alliance in a final war: the War of the Spanish Succession.
War of the Spanish Succession: 1702–1714 Edit
Main articles: War of the Spanish Succession and Bourbon claim to the Spanish throne
Spain had a number of major assets, apart from its homeland itself. It controlled important territory in Europe and the New World. Spain's American colonies produced enormous quantities of silver, which were brought to Spain every few years in convoys.
Spain had many weaknesses as well. Its domestic economy had little business, industry or advanced craftsmanship and was poor. Spain had to import practically all of its weapons and had a large army but one that was poorly trained and poorly equipped. Spain had a surprisingly-small navy since seamanship was a low priority for the elites. Local and regional governments and the local nobility, controlled most of the decisionmaking. The central government was quite weak, with a mediocre bureaucracy, and few able leaders. King Charles II reigned 1665 to 1700, but he was in very poor physical and mental health.[10]
From the perspective of France's enemies, the notion of France gaining enormous strength by taking over Spain and all its European and overseas possessions was anathema. Furthermore, the prospect of capturing Spanish territories in the New World proved very attractive. France's enemies formed a Grand Alliance, led by the Holy Roman Empire's Leopold I, which included Prussia and most of the other German states, the Dutch Republic, Portugal, Savoy (in Italy) and England. The opposing alliance was primarily France and Spain but also included a few smaller German princes and dukes in Italy. Extensive back-and-forth fighting took place in the Netherlands, but the dimensions of the war once again changed when both Emperor Leopold and his son and successor, Joseph, died. That left Archduke Charles, the second son of Leopold, younger brother to Joseph, as the Alliance candidate for both king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor.[16]
A growing number of French people had absorbed the ideas of "equality" and "freedom of the individual" as presented by Voltaire, Diderot, Turgot, and other philosophers and social theorists of the Enlightenment. The American Revolution had demonstrated that Enlightenment ideas about the organisation of governance could actually be put into practice. Some American diplomats, like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, had lived in Paris and consorted freely with members of the French intellectual class there. Furthermore, contact between American revolutionaries and the French soldiers, who had provided aid to the Continental Army in North America during the American Revolutionary War, helped to spread revolutionary ideals in France.
That affection was caused by the perceived decline in culture and values after the revolution during which the aristocracy lost much of its economic and political power to what was seen as a rich, coarse and materialistic bourgeoisie. The theme recurs throughout 19th-century French literature, with Balzac and Flaubert alike attacking the mores of the new upper classes. To that mindset, the Ancien Régime had expressed a bygone era of refinement and grace before the revolution and its associated changes disrupted the aristocratic tradition and ushered in a crude uncertain modernity.
The historian Alexis de Tocqueville argued against that defining narrative in his classic study L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution, which highlighted the continuities in French institutions before and after the revolution.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancie...
https://archive.org/details/harlequin...
The collection of nine stories include:
"The Edge" July 3
Cat and Mouse ... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_and...
cat-and-mouse game, is an English-language idiom that means "a contrived action involving constant pursuit, near captures, and repeated escapes." The "cat" is unable to secure a definitive victory over the "mouse", who, despite not being able to defeat the cat, is able to avoid capture. In extreme cases, the idiom may imply that the contest is never-ending. The term is derived from the hunting behavior of domestic cats, which often appear to "play" with prey by releasing it after capture. This behavior may arise from an instinctive imperative to ensure that the prey is weak enough to be killed without endangering the cat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_and...
I have to tell you that one of the reasons that I read Agatha Christie is that I believe that they hold a lot of truth, but also because I think they are referenced in The Catcher in the Rye. So when I write about these stories if I see a reference I am going to mention it even if you haven't read the Catcher...because it will not spoil the story at all...as the story is layered like a coded message.
So in the Catcher, Holden tells his History teacher Spencer that he has been expelled from school. That he had had a talk with the principle and that the principle told him that life is a game and those that play must play according to the rules. Holden says sure life is a game but wonder if you are on the wrong side of the game ....then what's a game about it.
Spencer is the person in history that coined the phrase:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surviva...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Baw3S...
"The Actress"
"He doesn't have any courage."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courage
"“heart” (this ultimately derives from the Latin cor, meaning “heart”)."
We have heard about strengthening your "core". An apple core is in the center. I did not think about the etymology of the word...and courage.
It is interesting that the words origin started in 1200, because this is when you had the Crusades. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades
" Something as simple as telling the truth when it will result in negative consequences can be courageous."
"Olga called Jake (the blackmailer) a coward. First when asked if there was any dirt that could be used against him, and she said he wasn't one for evil doing basically. And then at the end of the story after the whole thing where he ran off after seeing the "dead body" lying on the floor."
If he called to police he would have to explain what he was doing there. The "evil" deed that he did commit was the one she exploited, "blackmail".
Of course this is another cat and mouse story. I really like this one!! It reminded me of some movies.
Understudy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understudy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_...
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086984/
https://archives.cjr.org/blog_report/...
“You didn’t think that guy is really Saddam, do you? He had dozens of doubles when he was governing to protect him from assassination. The teeth on this guy they have in custody are all wrong and the eyes are different distances apart. His own wife says it’s not him.”
Movie "Body Double"
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086984/
This should make you think about all the news that you watch!!!
". If there's one thing I hate, it's the movies. Don't even
mention them to me." The Catcher In the Rye
So after watching the movie clip above I thought about the word seduction.
https://www.wikihow.com/Learn-the-Art...
I had this book and started reading it last night just for fun:
I will look through later and see what notes I made while listening....I have to get breakfast.
But I will leave you with one more movie (tried to find the trailer).
https://archive.org/details/Network1976
"While the Light Lasts"
"The Ford car"
http://ss.sites.mtu.edu/mhugl/2015/10...
George Corsier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosier
A crosier or crozier (also known as a paterissa, pastoral staff, or bishop's staff)[1] is a stylized staff that is a symbol of the governing office of a bishop or abbot and is carried by high-ranking prelates of Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and some Anglican, Lutheran, United Methodist and Pentecostal churches.
Deirdre Crozier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deirdre
" king of Ulster, prophesied that Fedlimid's daughter would grow up to be very beautiful, but that kings and lords would go to war over her, much blood would be shed because of her, and Ulster's three greatest warriors would be forced into exile for her sake.["
Tim Nugent
https://www.houseofnames.com/nugent-f...
Tim is a name, originally a short form of Timothy. It is a version of the Greek name Τιμόθεος (Timόtheos) meaning one who honours God, from τιμή "honour" and θεός "god".
" Kimberley"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberl...
Discovery of diamonds
In 1866, Erasmus Jacobs found a small brilliant pebble on the banks of the Orange River, on the farm De Kalk leased from local Griquas, near Hopetown, which was his father's farm. He showed the pebble to his father, who then sold it.[4]: 16 The pebble was purchased from Jacobs' father by Schalk van Niekerk, who later sold it on again. It proved to be a 21.25-carat (4.3 g) diamond, and became known as the Eureka. Three years later, in 1869, an 83.5-carat (16.7 g) diamond, which became known as the Star of South Africa, was found nearby (29°3′S 23°58′E).[5][6] This diamond was sold by van Niekerk for £11,200, and later resold in the London market for £25,000.[4]
The various smaller mining companies were amalgamated by Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd into De Beers, and The Kimberley under Barney Barnato. In 1888, the two companies merged to form De Beers Consolidated Mines, which once had a monopoly over the world's diamond market.
What Are Yellow Diamonds?
Yellow diamonds are diamonds that have an obvious yellow bodycolor when viewed in the "face-up" position. The yellow color is usually caused by small amounts of nitrogen contained within the diamond's crystal structure.
https://geology.com/diamond/yellow-di...
"He cried out for perhaps the
fourteenth time, with the pardonable irritation of a man"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempera...
"He cried out for perhaps the
fourteenth time, with the pardonable irritation of a man who owns two RollsRoyce cars and who has exercised his stud on the highways of civilization:"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-R...
The Rolls-Royce Armoured Car was a British armoured car developed in 1914... used during the First World War, Irish Civil War, the inter-war period in Imperial Air Control in Transjordan, Palestine and Mesopotamia, and in the early stages of the Second World War in the Middle East and North Africa.
“Where the devil is
this tobacco estate, anyway? It’s over an hour since we left Bulawayo.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulawayo
Bulawayo attained municipality status in 1897, and city status in 1943.
In the 1860s, the city was influenced by European intrigue. Many colonial powers cast covetous eyes on Bulawayo and the land surrounding it because of its strategic location. Britain made skillful use of private initiative in the shape of Cecil Rhodes and the Chartered Company to disarm the suspicion of her rivals. Lobengula once described Britain as a chameleon and himself as the fly.
Cecil Rhodes ordered the new settlement to be founded on the ruins of Lobengula's royal kraal, a typical action by a conquering power. This is where the State House stands today.
History of Tobacco in Africa
https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/history-...
_____
“Lost in Rhodesia,”
In the late 19th century, the territory north of the Transvaal was chartered to the British South Africa Company, led by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes and his Pioneer Column marched north in 1890, acquiring a huge block of territory that the company would rule until the early 1920s. In 1923, the company's charter was revoked, and Southern Rhodesia attained self-government and established a legislature.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_R...
In his last will, he provided for the establishment of the prestigious international Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University, the oldest graduate scholarship in the world. Every year it grants 102 full postgraduate scholarships. It has benefited prime ministers of Malta, Australia and Canada, United States President Bill Clinton, and many others.
The son of a vicar, Rhodes was born at Netteswell House, Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire. A sickly child, he was sent to South Africa by his family when he was 17 years old in the hope that the climate might improve his health. He entered the diamond trade at Kimberley in 1871, when he was 18, and, thanks to funding from Rothschild & Co, began to systematically buy out and consolidate diamond mines. Over the next two decades he gained near-complete domination of the world diamond market, forming a massive monopoly. His diamond company De Beers, formed in 1888, retained its prominence into the 21st century.
In October 1871, 18-year-old Rhodes and his 26-year-old brother Herbert left the colony for the diamond fields of Kimberley in Northern Cape Province. Financed by N M Rothschild & Sons, Rhodes succeeded over the next 17 years in buying up all the smaller diamond mining operations in the Kimberley area.
Rhodes Mission Statement
While attending Oriel College, Rhodes became a Freemason in the Apollo University Lodge. Although initially he did not approve of the organisation, he continued to be a South African Freemason until his death in 1902. The shortcomings of the Freemasons, in his opinion, later caused him to envisage his own secret society with the goal of bringing the entire world under British rule.
You may think of diamonds as "being a girl's best friend" but diamonds are the hardest thing and will cut and so are used in all kinds of applications where industry would need to cut something.
"The House of Dreams"
"The Lonely God"
"Manx Gold"
"Within a Wall"
"The Mystery of the Spanish Chest" (a Hercule Poirot story)
"The Harlequin Tea Set" (a Harley Quin story)
I saw this in a review of The Doctor's Wife:metaliterary dimension
"The most enjoyable thing about this book for me, though, was its metaliterary dimension. Some of the obscure literary figures who haunt Isabel’s miscued romantic dreams were unfamiliar to me, and I had a lot of fun looking them up (I’d recommend the Oxford World’s Classics edition, which has good notes). I was especially taken with Eugene Aram, a real-life eighteenth-century philologist and murderer (d. 1759), and the subject of a long-forgotten novel by Bulwer-Lytton. He is definitely ripe for a biopic."
This is what I have been doing, but I didn't know what it was called. I was listening to something about Shakespeare today, because A Midnight Summer's Dream is mentioned in the beginning of the next story..."The House of Dreams".
That's one of the things to remember in Shakespeare. His language means more than one thing and meaning many things. His language works on more than one level of meaning.
Shakespeare's vocabulary was about 29,000 words which is almost double that of a college graduate.
"What is in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet."
Why use one word over another, what is in a name. (for Romeo and Juliet they are conflicted because of their families names, their families being at odds with each other).... and what this tells us is that we can't simply abandon the meaning that words have. In Shakespeare plays you are wrestling with the meaning and the functions and the possibility of words.
A metaphor - a comparison of words of one thing to another.
I "The Lonely God"
The Lonely God reminded me of The Unknown God
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknown...
Was the Lonely God those that Britian did not know anything about? even though they occupied the countries of the people that worshiped that god?
He is in that part of the Museum that is Asian, like Burma and India.
I really like this Indian man from India has to say about this.
https://indictales.com/2020/04/01/eng...
"But Fate or the little god"
a woman's handkerchief of cambric and lace.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambric
"O, where are you going?" "To Scarborough fair,"
Savoury sage, rosemary, and thyme;
"Remember me to a lass who lives there,
For once she was a true love of mine.
"And tell her to make me a cambric shirt,
Savoury sage, rosemary, and thyme,
Without any seam or needlework,
And then she shall be a true love of mine.
"And tell her to wash it in yonder dry well,
Savoury sage, rosemary, and thyme,
Where no water sprung, nor a drop of rain fell,
And then she shall be a true love of mine."[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddles...
Riddles Wisely Expounded
And stopped in the Egyptian room:
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collect...
The Rosetta Stone is one of the most visited objects in the Museum and is equally popular online. Discover everything you ever wanted to know about the tablet that unlocked the secret of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
I know having traveled around a lot that sometime I feel lonely because most people have stayed in one region or one city even.
In some ways I see Slaughterhouse-Five describing a situation like this...Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The Lonely God might be a mental illness. Hmmm. She grew up as an orphan she said and wrote a fairy tale that he paints and becomes famous for.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta...
The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts.
"Developed a lasting hatred of mummies"
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collect...
The significance of death and the afterlife to ancient Egyptians meant complex funeral preparations and rites, thought to be needed to ensure the transition of the individual from earthly existence to immortality.
"Assyrian Hieroglyphics"
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collect...
A Black Obelisk also on display shows the same king receiving tribute from Israel and is displayed with obelisks and stelae (vertical inscribed stone slabs) from four generations of Assyrian kings.
The Neo-Assyrian King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) built his magnificent Northwest Palace at Nimrud.
Ashurnasirpal is shown leading military campaigns against his enemies, engaging in ritual scenes with protective demons and hunting, a royal sport in ancient Mesopotamia.
Fate
Definition of fate (Entry 1 of 2)
1: the will or principle or determining cause by which things in general are believed to come to be as they are or events to happen as they do : DESTINY
… fate sometimes deals a straight flush … he had no idea that he would become the right man in the right place at the right time …
— June Goodfield
2a: an inevitable and often adverse outcome, condition, or end
Her fate was to remain in exile.
b: DISASTER
especially : DEATH
The villain met his fate at the hands of the hero.
3a: final outcome
Congress decided the bill's fate by a single vote.
b: the expected result of normal development
prospective fate of embryonic cells
c: the circumstances that befall someone or something
did not know the fate of her former classmates
4Fates plural : the three goddesses, Atropos, Clotho, and Lachesis, who determine the course of human life in classical mythology
Definition of palliate
transitive verb
palliation
1: to reduce the violence of (a disease)
also : to ease (symptoms) without curing the underlying disease
drugs to palliate the pain
2: to cover by excuses and apologies
tried to palliate his blunder
3: to moderate the intensity of
trying to palliate the boredom
did nothing to palliate the bitter disputes
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dicti...
Long ago, the ancient Romans had a name for the cloak-like garb that was worn by the Greeks (distinguishing it from their own toga); the name was pallium. In the 15th century, English speakers modified the Late Latin word palliatus, which derives from pallium, to form palliate. Our term, used initially as both an adjective and a verb, never had the literal Latin sense referring to the cloak you wear, but it took on the figurative "cloak" of protection. Specifically, the verb palliate meant (as it still can mean) "to lessen the intensity of a disease." The related adjective palliative describes medical care that focuses on relieving pain or discomfort rather than administering a cure.
pathos noun
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pa·thos | \ ˈpā-ˌthäs , -ˌthȯs, -ˌthōs also ˈpa- \
Definition of pathos
1: an element in experience or in artistic representation evoking pity or compassion
2: an emotion of sympathetic pity
Pathos Entered English in the 1500s
The Greek word pathos means "suffering," "experience," or "emotion." It was borrowed into English in the 16th century, and for English speakers, the term usually refers to the emotions produced by tragedy or a depiction of tragedy. Pathos has quite a few kin in English. Pathetic is used to describe things that move us to pity. Empathy is the ability to feel the emotions of another. Though pathology is not literally "the study of suffering," it is "the study of diseases." You can probably guess at more relatives of pathos. Sympathy, apathy, antipathy, sociopath, and psychopath are a few.
It could be a story of Love ...but it feels incomplete. In Shakespeare the man said that what made a comedy was that there were obstacles to love.
Chapter 1
"We were United World Federalists back then. I don’t know what we are now."
Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five (p. 14). RosettaBooks. Kindle Edition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_F...
“Well, I know,” she said. “You’ll pretend you were men instead of babies, and you’ll be played in the movies by Frank Sinatra and John Wayne or some of those other glamorous, war-loving, dirty old men. And war will look just wonderful, so we’ll have a lot more of them. And they’ll be fought by babies like the babies upstairs.”
Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five (p. 18). RosettaBooks. Kindle Edition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaga...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_S...
Onset of Sinatramania and role in World War II (1942–1945)
https://www.songlyrics.com/frank-sina...
August 1939 version of "All or Nothing at All"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAN_j...
https://www.military.com/history/why-...
Both Sinatra and John Wayne were draft dodgers.
Books mentioned.
The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity
Interesting that he has something to say about the Crusades.
This might add some interest to this chapter (will read later):
https://www.patheos.com/blogs/davearm...
Slaughter House:
"What was the grand result of all these struggles? Europe expended millions of her treasures, and the blood of two million of her people; and a handful of quarrelsome knights retained possession of Palestine for about one hundred years!"
Palestine and WW2:
https://www.juancole.com/2014/08/pale...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childre...
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/conten...
After the War
Many children from the children's transport program became citizens of Great Britain, or emigrated to Israel, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Most of them would never again see their parents, who were murdered during the Holocaust.
Book
Dresden--history, stage, gallery
by Endell, Mary; Endell, Fritz August Gottfried, 1873-
Publication date 1908
1964 New York World's Fair
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Ne...
https://archive.org/details/dresdenhi...
Hailing itself as a "universal and international" exposition, the fair's theme was "Peace Through Understanding", dedicated to "Man's Achievement on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe". American companies dominated the exposition as exhibitors. The theme was symbolized by a 12-story-high, stainless-steel model of the Earth called the Unisphere, built on the foundation of the Perisphere from the 1939 World's Fair.
In many ways the fair symbolized a grand consumer show, covering many products then-produced in America for transportation, living, and consumer electronic needs in a way that would never be repeated at future world's fairs in North America. American manufacturers of pens, chemicals, computers, and automobiles had a major presence.[2][1] This fair gave many attendees their first interaction with computer equipment. Corporations demonstrated the use of mainframe computers, computer terminals with keyboards and CRT displays, teletype machines, punch cards, and telephone modems in an era when computer equipment was kept in back offices away from the public, decades before the Internet and home computers were at everyone's disposal.
These are part of the things that come out of war and what in the Crusades they might call Loot.
Question ...
I have told my sons that they are not under any circumstances to take part in massacres, and that the news of massacres of enemies is not to fill them with satisfaction or glee. *** I have also told them not to work for companies which make massacre machinery, and to express contempt for people who think we need machinery like that.
Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five (pp. 24-25). RosettaBooks. Kindle Edition.
What do you think this includes?
Book:
Words for the wind;
Céline And His Vision
Quote:
"No art is possible without a dance with death."
Death on the Installment Plan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodom_a...
Post Modern Book List
https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/1...
The House of Dreams The House of Dreams: A Short Story
When I heard the name Allegra I thought of this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IX1zi...
This is an amazing history of that song. One of the early forms of "copy rights".
https://www.liveabout.com/miserere-me...
I only know of one "White House" and that is the one in Washington D.C.
That place has an interesting history, and may be part of the story? I don't know. But it used to be called https://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/...
"1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District."
https://www.monkeywerxus.com/blog/the...
This is interesting and long...and I agree with some of it.
What interest do these entities have with Africa?
https://www.messynessychic.com/2014/0...
Interesting to look at the building in the background and how it is the similar to our White House.
Who was Allegra "mother"?
ROME? perhaps
and what happens to Europe?
She plays a song of
Ludwig van Beethoven[n 1] (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.
WW2 is the epic center of WW2...and set up through the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_...
This article, Article 231, became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty required Germany to disarm, make ample territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion gold marks (then $31.4 billion or £6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US$442 billion or UK£284 billion in 2022).
Now after the United States Civil War the money that Lincoln had printed became worthless.
https://www.moaf.org/exhibits/checks_...
(NOTE: the name on the Green Back dollar bills issued by our congress according to the Constitution...Note that the words on there are United States...upper and lower case.
Maybe this doesn't mean anything to you...but I invite you to look on a docutment that has your name on it...say a social security card or a bank statement. Note that from the time you were a little girl or boy that you wrote your name upper and lower...but now your name appears in all uppercase letters...Like a Corporation.
So there is a book called When Money Dies: The Nightmare Of The Weimar Hyper Inflation
I have this book but haven't read it yet. I have seen photos of German's burning their money to stay warm because it was that worthless.
Some things I do not remember about in the story.
1 What were the other songs that Allegra played on the piano?
2. What did he see come out of the door or window of the White House? A Hand?
3. What part of Africa was he going to?
4 Do they tell us where they are at the beginning of the story?
5. Are there any other White House in literature? the only other thing that I randomly thought about was The White Rabbit in Alice in Wonderland
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Decoded: The Full Text of Lewis Carroll's Novel with its Many Hidden Meanings Revealed ( I have this book too.)
If you want to twin read any other books that I have said that I have...I am interested.
I read the story a couple days ago so I don't remember these things.
Agatha Christie https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/...
Death on the Nile
No Spoiler
https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/...
Spoiler
https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/...
The Sea WolfBooks Mentioned
William Shakespeare
Alfred Tennyson
Faraday as a Discoverer
Lectures on Light
Sound.
The Forms of Water in Clouds and Rivers, Ice and Glaciers
Myths and Marvels of Astronomy
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life)
He was an eugenist.
The Age of Fable
A Smaller History of English and American Literature: For the Use of Schools
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_a_Ba...
https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/balco...
The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of TraumaI have been binge reading this book.
It has been long on talking about problems and examples and short on discussing the solutions. I got pretty upset that they needed to talk politics in the middle of the book. I don't care about that ...that is not why I am reading this book....write another book about your pet projects.
Bouncing a Ball (I wonder if bouncing on a trampoline has a beneficial effect.) I am interested in finding out what he says about this. I think it is Sensory >>I don't remember<<
I have just gotten to part 5, which is suppose to be the therapeutic part. I will try to read that tomorrow.
I have been taking notes and will check them out and write them down and write more tomorrow.
This book is a painful read!!! I definitely would not finish this without a buddy read. Thank you!!! I would read this type of stuff in fiction...so I find it kinda disturbing really. Maybe he is like a police officer and sees dead corpses all the time and so is desensitized to it.
I found I have some books that are either mentioned or the therapy is in a book.
So far my list is:
This is a favorite that I haven't finished by I have liked so far, and I would think this addresses among other things, disassociation.
The Tao of Fully Feeling: Harvesting Forgiveness out of Blame
I have a ton of mindfulness. Let me look and just pick one to put in the list.
Mindfulness for Stress Management: 50 Easy, Mindful Practices to Help You Stop Stressing and Start Living
The Tapping Solution for Weight Loss & Body Confidence: A Woman's Guide to Stressing Less, Weighing Less, and Loving More
The Tapping Solution: A Revolutionary System for Stress-Free Living
Theater:
The Theater of War: What Ancient Greek Tragedies Can Teach Us Today
Attachment Theory in Practice: Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) with Individuals, Couples, and Families
Great Expectations chapter 1-4I have taught adult classes in bleak house and I know how daunting the first hundred pages could be In this first part Dickens is really just laying out the characters like chess pieces before he starts playing the game with them. And the game makes very good reading
The first chapter reminded me of a Ghost Story. There are no ghost but the setting is a grave yard and in way prisoners are people that have been kept away from society. I wonder if there will be anything else that is eerie Like this scene in chapter one. Definitely made me feel uncomfortable.
It is interesting about Pip's relationship with his sister. His sister seems quite a bit older than him. Since I have read till chapter 7 I know that she got him when he was a baby. I don't feel that the sister was that old though because Joe took a liking to Pip and the Sister but treated her like she was "under age", although I don't think they got uptight about that back then.
The parents seem to have died of disease. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826%E2...
The abuse that his sister inflicts on both her husband and Pip are appalling. But to be honest back then once you were married you couldn't get out of it. So as you can see everyone is doing the best they can do. The apron has become a symbol of domestic duties that she resents. She has a lot of resentment. The child is not hers. She was robbed of her childhood and made to grow up because her parents died. There were five other children that also died. She and Pip survived.
Why does she treat her husband like she does? Why does he accept it as "normal"? Well it would seem that in his family of origin that his was abused. His mother tried to protect him but his father would find them and the neighbors would send them back to the abusive father. This is what I am talking about that there was no way for someone to get out of a bad situation. You were stuck. He saw his mother get beat up. He was also beaten by this alcoholic father. So the abusive relationship was "normalized".
These are the serious elements in the story. Fortunately Dicken's throws in a lot of humor and puns. I loved the build up over the stolen Pie. I was like oh my what is going to happen when she finds out. I loved the tar water in the brandy bottle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_water
Tar-water was a medieval medicine consisting of pine tar and water.
This is interesting because we have some friends that make a pine syrup that they add to tea.
I don't know if you have any pine trees in India.
I have lived where the majority of the trees were a type of pine.
In Chapter 4 he talks about a pallor that was super clean.
"When we hear the term “parlor,” we think of dated and stuffy space filled with overly decorative furniture. Yet, during its heyday, the Parlor was the place to be seen and be seen. Its welcoming ideals, designed with lively conversation in mind, established a genial standard that is still flourishing in modern living rooms today.
""In contrast to your modern sitting or lounge rooms, the Parlor was only used on Sundays to entertain guests and celebrate family events such as weddings, births, and deaths.
"The rest of the time, the room was kept closed, and a large, heavy pair of curtains were drawn across the windows to keep your finest furniture and ornaments from fading in the sunlight."
Here is what Dicken's said ....that I found very funny and also true:
"Mrs. Joe was a very clean housekeeper, but had an exquisite art of making her cleanliness more uncomfortable and unacceptable than dirt itself. Cleanliness is next to Godliness, and some people do the same by their religion. ( A reference to the Puritans I believe.)
"My sister, having so much to do, was going to church vicariously, that is to say, Joe and I were going. In his working—clothes, Joe was a well-knit characteristic-looking blacksmith; in his holiday clothes, he was more like a scarecrow in good circumstances, than anything else. Nothing that he wore then fitted him or seemed to belong to him; and everything that he wore then grazed him."
Grazed against him - Idioms by The Free Dictionary
(redirected from grazed against him) graze against (someone or something) To lightly touch or brush against someone or something.
Another quote that included Shakespeare. I need to read more Shakespeare
" I might have been an unfortunate little bull in a Spanish arena, I got so smartingly touched up by these moral goads. It began the moment we sat down to dinner. Mr. Wopsle said grace with theatrical declamation,—as it now appears to me, something like a religious cross of the Ghost in Hamlet with Richard the Third ,—and ended with the very proper aspiration that we might be truly grateful. "
Raised By Hand
"This is Pip's older sister's phrase. She's an oppressive, unaffectionate, self-righteous woman given to congratulating herself for having taken in her younger brother after the deaths of the their parents. Her use of the phrase is intentionally off-kilter in its implication that there's some other, easier way to raise a child. You do things "by hand" when you don't do them by machine -- for example, sewing by hand versus using a sewing machine. She's alluding to all the work and trouble that she's allegedly gone to in raising Pip; the phrase might also be taken to imply that she's beaten Pip with the idea of sparing the rod, spoiling the child. That's not explicit, however. Cruelty to children in Dickens -- and there's a lot of it -- generally takes the form of witholding food and affection."
"Great Expectations" was published serially in 1860-61. I'm guessing that bottle-feeding was already practiced, and that this is the reason for his remark. Absent his mother, he could have been wet-nursed by someone else. But would that count as raised by hand? Improbable, I think. Or I could be wrong."
https://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America...
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (states that remained loyal to the federal union,[e] or "the North") and the Confederacy (states that voted to secede, or "the South").
Looking glass
https://glassbeast.com/through-the-lo...
What does the phrase “through the looking glass mean”? This phrase first appears in the title of a book written by Lewis Carrol as a sequel to 1865’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. It does not mean to look through glass or a mirror exactly. It means “ Opposite to What’s expected by someone”. Here it symbolizes things in an alternative universe, totally opposite to the real world.
In this context, the phrase means “ Where things are not as expected”. When we see in the glass, we expect our image to be as it is. But looking through glass symbolizes a different world in which things are totally different from their image or reflection. It also means going through a place where things are unexpected, unfamiliar, and different. Alice in her adventures go through such situations and the writer symbolizes her stories as through the looking glass.
Through the looking glass darkly meaning
This expression “ through the looking glass darkly” originated from the writings of the Apostle Paul. It means, at the start, we don’t see things clearly. We believe in the obscure and unclear image of reality before going deep. But when time passes, we begin to see clearly. So, “through the glass mean mirror and darkly mean” unclear, obscure”.
Malice Through the Looking Glass Meaning
What does Malice Through the Looking Glass mean? It is the name of a Lyric written by Gregory Moffit Dani Dave in his collection Cradle of Filth. Some critics say that this song is about Elizabeth Bathony. It’s obviously about lost love. Some think that malice means hatred to oneself. In fact, this song is about a man morning over the death of vampires.
The main theme of this song is about vampirism. Malice means hatred and looking glass means “mirror” . SO , in this song, the writer may be mourning over himself or allowing something to happen. Poetry is a piece of art, its true meaning is buried in the heart of the poet. The right meaning of any piece of art is whatever you get out of it.
Read out the poem given below:
Malice Through The Looking Glass Lyric
"Malice Through The Looking Glass" lyrics
Cradle Of Filth Lyrics
"Malice Through The Looking Glass"
Take away the wine
For restlessness plagues me....
I am assailed by a spectre profounder
Than hatred and grief or the sum of their hideous crime
I shalt suffer this confessional mime
Awaiting the sun to set, crimsoning seas
Only once it is dark doth my misery cease
She died to a sky dressed in flame
Eyes full of curses for her killers by choice
Who fell to their god o'er her vision and voice
"I am as dusk come to ravish the light"
Steal me from their stares and mute christ into night
"I will answer thy prayers"
If thou Wouldst drink of my life....
Encroaching evening skies
Die with such tragedy
And those interred in cold graves
Dwell on pleasures to be
In deep hysteria
Where our legend still breathes
Through sweet death and thereafter
Sweeping nightmares.... shalt feed
A Room of One's OwnLamb and Milton
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4172227
Lamb and his sister Mary
https://www.innertemple.org.uk/who-we...
Home › Who We Are › History › Historical Articles › Charles And Mary Lamb In The Inner Temple
Charles and Mary Lamb in the Inner Temple
BY CLARE RIDER, IT ARCHIVIST 1998-2009
Childhood in the Inner Temple
Charles and Mary Lamb, probably best known as co-authors of Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, were born in the Inner Temple, at 2 Crown Office Row. Their father, John Lamb, was employed as a Hall waiter and clerk to Samuel Salt, who served as Under-Treasurer (a post subsequently known as Sub-Treasurer) to the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple from 1745 to 1768.
Samuel Salt, who was originally a member of the Middle Temple, was appointed Under-Treasurer of the Inner Temple in 1745 and was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple on 18 May 1753. He acquired chambers successively in Ram Alley Buildings (later known as Mitre Court Buildings), Tanfield Court and Sir Robert Sawyer's Buildings (on the site of the present Paper Buildings). In 1759, on grounds of personal convenience, he exchanged these chambers for a set of chambers in 7 Fig Tree Court, directly above the Under-Treasurer's office in 2 Crown Office Row. He proceeded to make a staircase connecting 7 Fig Tree Court with his office in 2 Crown Office Row and the combined chambers were deemed sufficient to house not only Salt and his office, but also his clerk and his clerk's family. It was in this building that Charles and Mary Lamb were born.
Sir Frank MacKinnon, in his commentary on Charles Lamb's essay 'The Old Benchers of the Inner Temple' concluded that the Lambs were housed in the back chamber of 2 Crown Office Row, behind the Under-Treasurer's office rather than in the Fig Tree Court chambers above.1 If this were the case, it must have been a confined space for John Lamb, his wife Elizabeth, and their several children. The curious situation of an Under-Treasurer, subsequently to become Bencher and Treasurer of the Inner Temple, accommodating an employee's family is best explained by the fact that Samuel Salt had lost his own wife in childbirth in the first year of their marriage. The Temple church registers refer to her burial in the vault on 22 December 1747.2. Salt never remarried, despite the attentions of 'mild Miss Susan P....' who pursued him with 'a hopeless passion' for forty years3, and seems to have regarded John Lamb's family as his own.
Samuel Salt continued to live at 2 Crown Office Row/7 Fig Tree Court with his household until his death in 1792. Despite his resignation as Under-Treasurer in 1768 in order to pursue a political career in the House of Commons (representing the boroughs of Liskeard, Cornwall, from 1768 to 1784, and Aldeburgh, Suffolk, from 1784), he continued to serve the Inner Temple in a number of ways. In 1770 he was appointed Bar Auditor and in 1776 he was selected as an 'Associate of the Bench'. He acquired full Bench status in 1782 and subsequently served as Reader, in 1787, and Treasurer, in 1788.
John and Elizabeth Lamb had good reason to be grateful for Salt's hospitality. They had a total of seven children whilst under Salt's roof, of whom Charles Lamb, born 10 February 1775 was the youngest. They were all christened in the Temple Church, the register recording the baptisms of Elizabeth (born 9 January 1762, baptised 30 January 1762); John (born 5 June 1763, baptised 26 June 1763); Mary Anne (born 3 December 1764, baptised 30 December 1764); Samuel (baptised 13 December1765); Elizabeth (born 30 August 1768, baptised 3 September 1768); Edward (born 3 September 1770, baptised 21 September 1770) and Charles (born 10 February 1775, baptised 10 March 1775).4 Only three of these children, John, Mary and Charles, survived infancy, although there is no record of the burial of their less fortunate siblings in the Temple Church registers. Perhaps they were buried in Hertfordshire, where the Lambs had family connections.
Samuel Salt seems to have taken a direct interest in the Lambs' surviving children. He allowed them free access to his own library, where they developed a taste for literature; in all likelihood helped to procure the entry of John and Charles to Christ's Hospital (of which he was a Governor); and assisted in finding subsequent employment for them as clerks in the South Sea Company (of which he was a Director). In 1792, Charles went on to work as clerk in the East India Company (of which Salt was also a Director), and he remained there until his retirement in 1825.
Charles looked back with fondness on the first seven years of his life in the Inner Temple in his essay, 'The Old Benchers of the Inner Temple'.5 He described his birthplace as 'Cheerful Crown Office Row…..the place of my kindly engendure' and the Temple as 'the most elegant spot in the metropolis'. He also benefited from his time at Christ's Hospital (otherwise known as the Blue Coat School), situated on the north side of Newgate Street, which he attended from 1782 to 1789. It was there that he formed his life-long friendship with fellow pupil and poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. His connection with Salt protected him from some of the harshness of school life:
Any complaint which he [Salt] had to make was sure of being attended to. This was understood at Christ's and was an effectual screen to him [Lamb] against the severity of the Masters, or worse tyranny of the monitors.6
He also, in his essay on Christ's Hospital, acknowledged the kindness of the Sub-Treasurer (John Spinks), whose generosity supplemented the meagre diet of the other pupils:
The present worthy Sub-Treasurer to the Inner Temple can explain how that happened. He [Lamb] had his tea and hot rolls in a morning, while we [the other pupils] were battening upon our quarter of a penny loaf -- our crug moistened with attenuated small beer, in wooden piggins, smacking of the pitched leathern jack it was poured from. Our Mondays milk porritch, blue and tasteless, and the pease soup of Saturday, coarse and choking, were enriched for him [Lamb] with a slice of "extra-ordinary bread and butter," from the hot-loaf of the Temple.7
notes
Sir F. D. McKinnon Inner Temple Papers (London 1948; republished 2003) 2nd ed. p134
Register of Burials at the Temple Church ed. H.G. Woods (London 1905)
Probably Miss Susan Pierson, the sister of a fellow Bencher: McKinnon Inner Temple Papers 2nd ed. p188
The Register of the Temple Church 1628-1853: Baptisms 1629-1853; Marriages 1628-1760 ed. G.D. Squibb, Harleian Society New Series vol. I (London 1979)
Reproduced in full by McKinnon in Inner Temple Papers 2nd ed. pp117-128
Charles Lamb 'Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago' Essays of Elia ed. E.V.Lucas (1905)
Charles Lamb 'Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago'
INFIRMITY AND MADNESS
However, Charles and Mary's lives were not untroubled. Their mother was frail and their father, once an outstandingly capable and personable administrator (if we can believe Charles' literary portrait of him in 'the Old Benchers'), began to decline into weakness and increasing senility. In January 1793, John Lamb successfully petitioned the Inner Temple Benchers to be relieved of his duties as first waiter in the Inner Temple Hall on the grounds that:
...he had been a servant to the House near forty years and that he had nearly lost the use of his left hand and was otherwise very infirm and praying that he might be permitted to find a person to attend for him8
Forced to leave their chambers in 1792, on the death of Samuel Salt, the Lambs rented lodgings in Little Queen Street, Holborn, where Mary spent much of her time nursing her ailing family, including her Aunt Sarah (known as Hetty) who had come to live with them some years before. Both Mary and Charles seem to have suffered from periods of depression and in 1796 Charles' melancholy became such that he became a voluntary patient in a mental institution in Hoxton in East London. He described his predicament to his friend Coleridge in a letter dated 10 June 1796:
When you left London, I felt a dismal void in my heart....in your absence the tide of melancholy rushed in again , and did its worst mischief by overwhelming my reason. I have recovered but feel a stupor that makes me indifferent to the hopes and fears of this life... Dream not, Coleridge of having tasted all the grandeur and wildness of fancy till you have gone mad!9
However, Charles' illness was to pale into insignificance later that same year when his sister, Mary, in a fit of insanity, killed their mother with a kitchen knife. On 22 September 1796, driven to distraction by an apprentice who was assisting her mother with some needlework, Mary pursued the girl round the room with a knife and finally stabbed her mother who had intervened to save the girl. Mary's father was also wounded in the attack and her aunt fainted from the shock. The Coroner's inquest, held at the lodgings in Little Queen Street the next day, pronounced a verdict of murder whilst temporarily insane. Mary was confined to a private madhouse in Islington on a coroner's warrant, whilst Charles arranged for the burial of his mother in the graveyard of St. Andrew, Holborn.10
Charles explained the tragedy thus to Coleridge:
My poor dear, dearest sister, in a fit of insanity, has been the death of her own mother. I was at hand only time enough to snatch the knife out of her grasp. She is at present in a madhouse, from whence I fear she must be moved to an hospital. God has preserved to me my senses: I eat, and drink, and sleep, and have my judgment, I believe, very sound. My poor father was slightly wounded, and I am left to take care of him and my aunt. Mr. Norris, of the Bluecoat School, has been very very kind to us, and we have no other friend; but, thank God, I am very calm and composed, and able to do the best that remains to do. Write as religious a letter as possible, but no mention of what is gone and done with. With me 'the former things are passed away', and I have something more to do than I feel. God Almighty have us all in his keeping!11
On recovering sufficiently to be released from the private madhouse, Mary should have been brought to trial and, in all likelihood, would have been confined to a public lunatic asylum. However, Charles, who had moved with his father and aunt to 45 Chapel Street, Pentonville, persuaded the parish authorities to place Mary in his custody. It is not clear how he managed to achieve this. There is no evidence of any use of legal contacts and Charles' elder brother, John, was not in favour of the arrangement. But Charles' strong sense of family loyalty and love for his elder sister prevailed and he became her guardian and helpmate. Charles was to take care of Mary for the rest of his life, remaining unmarried for her sake. During the lifetime of their father, rooms were found for Mary in nearby Hackney, where Charles was a regular visitor. On the death of John Lamb senior, in 1799, Mary moved in with her brother and remained his almost constant companion until his death in 1834, leaving him only for the madhouse during her temporary relapses into insanity.
"Hypochondriarchus" written by Charles Lamb in 1802,
By myself walking, To myself talking,
When as I ruminate, On my untold fate,
Scarcely seem I, Alone sufficiently,
Black thoughts continually, Crowding my privacy;
They come unbidden, Like foes at a wedding,
Thrusting their faces, In better guests' places,
Peevish and malcontent,Clownish, impertinent,
Dashing the merriment;So in like fashions
Dim cogitations, Follow and haunt me
In my heart festering, In my ears whispering,
"Thy friends are treacherous, Thy foes are dangerous,
Thy dreams ominous"
A Room of Ones Own notes 2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Room_...
Maud
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zfby...
Alfred Tennyson
Poetry was magnificent in the classical age. They chanted it with music. And their metric was technically refined. However, also contemporary poetry, often in blank verse, may be stimulating, at least as a help to memory for whom he is a middle age man like me. Tennyson’s biography tells that, with few exceptions, everybody is the faber of his (or her) destiny. He was a poor man not able to complete his university studies in Cambridge and, thanks to his success, he became the poet laureate of Great Britain in 1850. It is natural for me to appreciate straight, intelligent and European persons. Of course, intelligence has no nationality. And I don’t pretend to be above the average. This collection is read by the professional actor Pennington. There are three educational captions that I would like to comment.
“I am a part of all I have met” (Ulysses, 1833). His Ulysses is not a jealous man, but a traveler who peacefully comes to his home. His search for knowledge made him make different experiences. Even when you are wrong according to health rationality memories of the experience remain. Also making mistakes one can behave naturally and be humanly sensitive sometimes.
“Men may come and men may go. But I go on forever” (The brook, 1862). Genetics makes men make sons. If you don’t have them, you can look at your relatives (inclusive fitness). You can try to produce works of art or literature in the search for eternity. At the end you can stay before a flowing river, appreciating the (possible) eternity of some natural things. This is the meaning of this personification of an atheist poet.
“The white rose weeps” (of joy; Come into the garden, Maud, 1857). Since the roman de la rose this flower is symbol of straight carnality and spirituality in European literature.
Roberto Fideli
“There has fallen a splendid tear
From the passion-flower at the gate.
She is coming, my dove, my dear;
She is coming, my life, my fate.
The red rose cries, "She is near, she is near;"
And the white rose weeps, "She is late;"
The larkspur listens, "I hear, I hear;"
And the lily whispers, "I wait."
She is coming, my own, my sweet;
Were it ever so airy a tread,
My heart would hear her and beat,
Were it earth in an earthy bed;
My dust would hear her and beat,
Had I lain for a century dead,
Would start and tremble under her feet,
And blossom in purple and red.”
― Alfred Tennyson
My heart is like a singing bird
Language: English
My heart is like a singing bird
Whose nest is in a watered shoot;
My heart is like an apple tree
Whose boughs are bent with thickset fruit;
My heart is like a rainbow shell
That paddles in a [purple]1 sea;
My heart is gladder than all these
Because my love is come to me.
Raise me a dais of [silk and down]2;
Hang it with vair and purple dyes;
Carve it in doves and pomegranates,
And peacocks with a hundred eyes;
Work it in gold and silver grapes,
In leaves and [silver]3 fleur-de-lys;
Because the birthday of my life
Is come, my love, is come to me.
Authorship:
by Christina Georgina Rossetti (1830 - 1894), "A birthday"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christi...
Rossetti was educated at home by her mother and father, (What kind of money did they receive that made them do this?) through religious works, classics, fairy tales and novels. Rossetti delighted in the works of Keats, Scott, Ann Radcliffe and Matthew Lewis.
From 1842 Rossetti began writing out and dating her poems. Most of them imitated her favoured poets. In 1847 she began experimenting with verse forms such as sonnets, hymns and ballads, while drawing narratives from the Bible, folk tales and the lives of saints. Her early pieces often meditate on death and loss in the Romantic tradition.
Goblin Market and Other Poems
In the Bleak Midwinter, Goblin Market and Other Poems
Chapter 2 of Audible
The Beauty of the World has two edges
One of Laughter and One of Anguish.
A Room of Ones Own Notes 3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of...
In 1881, the Isle of Man Parliament, Tynwald, became the first national legislative body in the world to give women the right to vote in a general election, although this excluded married women
John Stuart Mill
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_St...
"pressed. Now if she had gone into business; had become a manufacturer of artificial silk or a magnate on the Stock Exchange; if she had left two or three hundred thousand pounds to Fernham, we could have been sitting at our ease to-night and the subject of our talk might have been archaeology, botany, anthropology, physics, the nature of the atom, mathematics, astronomy, relativity, geography."
"Making a fortune and bearing thirteen children—no human being could stand it."
Note how many children Virginia Wolfe had:
Woolf in 1902
Born Adeline Virginia Stephen
25 January 1882
London, England
Died 28 March 1941 (aged 59)
Lewes, England
Occupation
Novelist essayist publisher critic
Alma mater King's College London
Notable works
Mrs Dalloway (1925)
To the Lighthouse (1927)
Orlando (1928)
A Room of One's Own (1929)
The Waves (1931)
Spouse Leonard Woolf (m. 1912)
Parents
Leslie Stephen
Julia Prinsep Jackson
Relatives
George Herbert Duckworth (half-brother)
Stella Duckworth (half-sister)
Gerald Duckworth (half-brother)
Laura Stephen (half-sister)
Vanessa Stephen (sister)
Thoby Stephen (brother)
Adrian Stephen (brother)
Katharine Stephen (cousin)
This really annoys me that Virginia Wolfe at the stroke of a pen can imagine what a wife and mother of 13 children could be. What an idiot. Of course next year her children could be starving because she was busy playing the stock exchange...and the crash of 1929 happened. But the children live on. And you can talk all you want about biology and the rest...go to the library, find someone in a garden, draw what is around you.
The people that she has listed did not have everything handed to them. But they did write. They did observe. They learned and grew where they were.
My grandmother painted a plaque that said "Bloom where you are planted."
If the mother of 13 had decided to go into trade rather than raising her 13 children then I am afraid the world would not have 13 well adjusted children with their cups full ...but 13 children that were emotionally starved and searching for a crumb of love. 13 Children as narcissistic as their mother and father. And Virginia Wolfe think that money and education are equal the same thing.
So far she has not proved her point. She has not showed that women taken out of the home equals a better world. That women are only worth something if they are playing in a man's world...rather than that piddley game of motherhood. How romantic but shallow and pedantic, in Virginia's world view. Why didn't she play the stock market with her money and give it to the college?
Was she really promoting women to get into the stock market at a time when it was fixing to crash?
End of Chapter 1
The Journal of John Woolman: And a Plea for the PoorChapter 6:
Small Pox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox
In the winter of this year, the small-pox being in our town, and many being inoculated, of whom a few died, some things were opened in my mind, which I wrote as follows:—
.....
Had he endowed men with understanding to prevent this disease (the small-pox) by means which had never proved hurtful nor mortal, such a discovery might be considered as the period of chastisement by this distemper, where that knowledge extended. But as life and health are his gifts, and are not to be disposed of in our own wills, to take upon us by inoculation when in health a disorder of which some die, requires great clearness of knowledge that it is our duty to do so.
Rum and Indians:
often sell rum to the Indians, which I believe is a great evil. In the first place, they are thereby deprived of the use of reason, and their spirits being violently agitated, quarrels often arise which end in mischief, and the bitterness and resentment occasioned hereby are frequently of long continuance. Again, their skins and furs, gotten through much fatigue and hard travels in hunting, with which they intended to buy clothing, they often sell at a low rate for more rum, when they become intoxicated; and afterward, when they suffer for want of the necessaries of life, are angry with those who, for the sake of gain, took advantage of their weakness. Their chiefs have often complained of this in their treaties with the English. Where cunning people pass counterfeits and impose on others that which is good for nothing, it is considered as wickedness; but for the sake of gain to sell that which we know does people harm, and which often works their ruin, manifests a hardened and corrupt heart, and is an evil which demands the care of all true lovers of virtue to suppress. While my mind this evening was thus employed, I also remembered that the people on the frontiers, among whom this evil is too common, are often poor; and that they venture to the outside of a colony in order to live more independently of the wealthy, who often set high rents on their land. I was renewedly confirmed in a belief, that if all our inhabitants lived according to sound wisdom, laboring to promote universal love and righteousness, and ceased from every inordinate desire after wealth, and from all customs which are tinctured with luxury, the way would be easy for our inhabitants, though they might be much more numerous than at present, to live comfortably on honest employments, without the temptation they are so often under of being drawn into schemes to make settlements on lands which have not been purchased of the Indians, or of applying to that wicked practice of selling rum to them.
And here luxury and covetousness, with the numerous oppressions and other evils attending them, appeared very afflicting to me, and I felt in that which is immutable that the seeds of great calamity and desolation are sown and growing fast on this continent.
They and my friends appeared glad to see me return from a journey which they apprehended would be dangerous; but my mind, while I was out, had been so employed in striving for perfect resignation, and had so often been confirmed in a belief, that, whatever the Lord might be pleased to allot for me, it would work for good, that I was careful lest I should admit any degree of selfishness in being glad overmuch, and labored to improve by those trials in such a manner as my gracious Father and Protector designed.
Chapter 8 "I love to feel where words come from."
Chapter 9: “Doth pride lead to vanity? Doth vanity form imaginary wants? Do these wants prompt men to exert their power in requiring more from others than they would be willing to perform themselves, were the same required of them? Do these proceedings beget hard thoughts? Do hard thoughts, when ripe, become malice? Does malice, when ripe, become revengeful, and in the end inflict terrible pains on our fellow-creatures and spread desolations in the world? “Do mankind, walking in uprightness, delight in each other’s happiness? And do those who are capable of this attainment, by giving way to an evil spirit, employ their skill and strength to afflict and destroy one another? Remember then, O my soul! the quietude of those in whom Christ governs, and in all thy proceedings feel after it. “Doth he condescend to bless thee with his presence? To move and influence thee to action? To dwell and to walk in thee? Remember then thy station as being sacred to God. Accept of the strength freely offered to thee, and take heed that no weakness in conforming to unwise, expensive, and hard-hearted customs, gendering to discord and strife, be given way to. Doth he claim my body as his temple, and graciously require that I may be sacred to him? O that I may prize this favor, and that my whole life may be conformable to this character! Remember, O my soul! that the Prince of Peace is thy Lord; that he communicates his unmixed wisdom to his family, that they, living in perfect simplicity, may give no just cause of offence to any creature, but that they may walk as He walked!”
Thus, for instance, among an imperious, warlike people, supported by oppressed slaves, some of these masters, I suppose, are awakened to feel and to see their error, and through sincere repentance cease from oppression and become like fathers to their servants, showing by their example a pattern of humility in living, and moderation in governing, for the instruction and admonition of their oppressing neighbors;
Though travelling on foot was wearisome to my body, yet it was agreeable to the state of my mind. Being weakly, I was covered with sorrow and heaviness on account of the prevailing spirit of this world by which customs grievous and oppressive are introduced on the one hand, and pride and wantonness on the other.
Chapter 10
I have gained by reading a caution and warning to Great Britain and her colonies, written by Anthony Benezet, it is right for me to take passage in a vessel employed in the West India trade. “To trade freely with oppressors without laboring to dissuade them from such unkind treatment, and to seek for gain by such traffic, tends, I believe, to make them more easy respecting their conduct than they would be if the cause of universal righteousness was humbly and firmly attended to by those in general with whom they have commerce; and that complaint of the Lord by his prophet, “They have strengthened the hands of the wicked,” hath very often revived in my mind.
I have for some years past declined to gratify my palate with those sugars.
mind I spoke to them of the necessity of our yielding in true obedience to the instructions of our Heavenly Father, who sometimes through adversities intendeth our refinement.
chapter 11
and that all of us who are acquainted with the pure gospel spirit may lay this case to heart, may remember the lamentable corruptions which attend the conveyance of merchandise across the seas, and so abide in the love of Christ that, being delivered from the entangling expenses of a curious, delicate, and luxurious life, we may learn contentment with a little, and promote the seafaring life no further than that spirit which leads into all truth attends us in our proceedings.
12
On inquiry in many places I find the price of rye about five shillings; wheat, eight shillings per bushel; oatmeal, twelve shillings for a hundred and twenty pounds; mutton from threepence to fivepence per pound; bacon from sevenpence to ninepence; cheese from fourpence to sixpence; butter from eightpence to tenpence; house-rent for a poor man from twenty-five shillings to forty shillings per year, to be paid weekly; wood for fire very scarce and dear; coal in some places two shillings and sixpence per hundredweight; but near the pits not a quarter so much. O, may the wealthy consider the poor! The wages of laboring men in several counties toward London at tenpence per day in common business, the employer finds small beer and the laborer finds his own food; but in harvest and hay time wages are about one shilling per day, and the laborer hath all his diet. In some parts of the north of England poor laboring men have their food where they work, and appear in common to do rather better than nearer London. Industrious women who spin in the factories get some fourpence, some fivepence, and so on to six, seven, eight, nine, or ten pence per day, and find their own house-room and diet. Great numbers of poor people live chiefly on bread and water in the southern parts of England, as well as in the northern parts; and there are many poor children not even taught to read. May those who have abundance lay these things to heart!
Great is the trade to Africa for slaves; and for the loading of these ships a great number of people are employed in their factories, among whom are many of our Society.
13
“His disorder, which proved the small-pox, increased speedily upon him, and was very afflicting, under which he was supported in much meekness, patience, and Christian fortitude. To those who attended him in his illness, his mind appeared to be centred in Divine love, under the precious influence whereof we believe he finished his course, and entered into the mansions of everlasting rest.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFxrB...
Documentary of Virginia Woolf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hnls...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgini...
Throughout her life, Woolf was troubled by mental illness. She was institutionalised several times and attempted suicide at least twice. According to Dalsimer (2004) her illness was characterised by symptoms that today would be diagnosed as bipolar disorder, for which there was no effective intervention during her lifetime. In 1941, at age 59, Woolf died by drowning herself in the River Ouse at Lewes.
Suicide Letter:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ze0p...
Julia Jackson was born in 1846 in Calcutta, British India, to John Jackson and Maria "Mia" Theodosia Pattle, from two Anglo-Indian families.[5] John Jackson FRCS was the third son of George Jackson and Mary Howard of Bengal, a physician who spent 25 years with the Bengal Medical Service and East India Company and a professor at the fledgling Calcutta Medical College.
What one really needs is not a Room of Ones Own but a connection to the East India Company!!
Brother Tobby belonged to Cambridge Apostles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrid...
Chapter 2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca...
Chapter 2:
Why did men drink wine and women water? Why was one sex so prosperous and the other so poor? What effect has poverty on fiction? What conditions are necessary for the creation of works of art?—
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1529). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
These to me sound like talking points and are totally arbitrary and capricious.
arbitrary
är′bĭ-trĕr″ē
adjective
Determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason, or principle.
Based on or subject to individual judgment or preference.
capricious
kə-prĭsh′əs, -prē′shəs
adjective
Characterized by, arising from, or subject to caprice; impulsive or unpredictable.
Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable.
Impulsive and unpredictable; determined by chance, impulse, or whim
"One must strain off what was personal and accidental in all these impressions and so reach the pure fluid, the essential oil of truth."
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1529). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
Easier said than done, Virginia.
I love this description here:
"London was like a workshop. London was like a machine. We were all being shot backwards and forwards on this plain foundation to make some pattern."
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1529). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
Her prose is really poetic. If I have enjoyed anything about reading Virginia Wolfe it has been her exquisite use of words.
" The swing-doors swung open; and there one stood under the vast dome, as if one were a thought in the huge bald forehead which is so splendidly encircled by a band of famous names."
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1529). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
I love this one. It is another description of a beehive.
One thing that she does not give credit to are the many women that taught their sons or influenced their sons or nurtured their sons. She acts like a man comes into the world like a turtle. In fact she wishes for everyone (except herself and her siblings) to navigate the world like a turtle. And I think because she did not have children of her own she could imagine her world anyway she likes...because she is only dealing with half the experiences necessary to speak on the subject of women. The adult...and never the little girl. For I think the little girl is the most important part and how full her cup is and how well taken care of by both her parents.
“The supreme question about a work of art is out of how deep a life does it spring.”
― James Joyce, Ulysses
“What's in a name? That is what we ask ourselves in childhood when we write the name that we are told is ours.”
― James Joyce, Ulysses
How many women had the power to name you? And to call you by that name. To love you or reject you.
“Drugs age you after mental excitement. Lethargy then. Why? Reaction. A lifetime in a night. Gradually changes your character.”
― James Joyce, Ulysses
chased my simple and single question—Why are women poor?—
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1531). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
Life for both sexes—and I looked at them, shouldering their way along the pavement—is arduous, difficult, a perpetual struggle. It calls for gigantic courage and strength. More than anything, perhaps, creatures of illusion as we are, it calls for confidence in oneself. Without self-confidence we are as babes in the cradle. And how can we generate this imponderable quality, which is yet so invaluable, most quickly? By thinking that other people are inferior to oneself. By feeling that one has some innate superiority—it may be wealth, or rank, a straight nose, or the portrait of a grandfather by Romney—for there is no end to the pathetic devices of the human imagination—over other people.
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1535). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
https://www.oxfam.org/en/why-majority...
Why are women poor because they went into the workforce and watered down the wages for men. It was a scam. Why are they so poor because ultimately they are the fodder of all the corporations and The Shipping Companies...The East India Company. Want to get ahead...have a connection with the ones that are connected. That is what Virginia did. Her family was related to those that were in the East India Company. This is not a rags to riches story.
A Room of One's OwnThis is my response to chapter 2.
1918. I need not, I am afraid, describe in any detail the hardness of the work, for you know perhaps women who have done it; nor the difficulty of living on the money when it was earned, for you may have tried. But what still remains with me as a worse infliction than either was the poison of fear and bitterness which those days bred in me. To begin with, always to be doing work that one did not wish to do, and to do it like a slave, flattering and fawning, not always necessarily perhaps, but it seemed necessary and the stakes were too great to run risks; and then the thought of that one gift which it was death to hide—a small one but dear to the possessor—perishing and with it my self, my soul,—all this became like a rust eating away the bloom of the spring, destroying the tree at its heart. However, as I say, my aunt died; and whenever I change a ten-shilling note a little of that rust and corrosion is rubbed off; fear and bitterness go. Indeed, I thought, slipping the silver into my purse, it is remarkable, remembering the bitterness of those days, what a change of temper a fixed income will bring about. No force in the world can take from me my five hundred pounds. Food, house and clothing are mine for ever. Therefore not merely do effort and labour cease, but also hatred and bitterness. I need not hate any man; he cannot hurt me.
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1537). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
What is her solution? Nice to be rich isn't it!! Most writers did not have this luxury.
She is so disconnected to reality....and so the reason why at the beginning... The Mental, Moral, and Physical Inferiority of the Female Sex.
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1533). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
completely. Moreover, in a hundred years, I thought, reaching my own doorstep, women will have ceased to be the protected sex. Logically they will take part in all the activities and exertions that were once denied them. The nursemaid will heave coal. The shopwoman will drive an engine. All assumptions founded on the facts observed when women were the protected sex will have disappeared—as, for example (here a squad of soldiers marched down the street), that women and clergymen and gardeners live longer than other people. Remove that protection, expose them to the same exertions and activities, make them soldiers and sailors and engine-drivers and dock labourers, and will not women die off so much younger, so much quicker, than men that one will say, “I saw a woman to-day”, as one used to say, “I saw an aeroplane”. Anything may happen when womanhood has ceased to be a protected occupation, I thought, opening the door. But what bearing has all this upon the subject of my paper, Women and Fiction? I asked, going indoors.
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1539). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
This is the best hubris that I have ever read...and in a hundred years ...here we are...Now men dress up as women and compete with women in the olympics!! Way to go Virginia. Why should you be a protected class that needs money to have a room of your own? Get out there and struggle like the rest of them!!!
As far as being a "slave" that is what that little number you put on your job application entitles you to be. And if they weren't collecting the "essential oil of your labor" in the form of taxes you might be able to afford a room of ones own.
This Chapter really made me look for something that would complement it and for me it is this book.
https://archive.org/details/Propagand...
https://bloggingwoolf.org/2012/03/16/...
https://press.princeton.edu/books/pap...
"Though often defined as having opposite aims, means, and effects, modernism and modern propaganda developed at the same time and influenced each other in surprising ways. The professional propagandist emerged as one kind of information specialist, the modernist writer as another. Britain was particularly important to this double history. By secretly hiring well-known writers and intellectuals to write for the government and by exploiting their control of new global information systems, the British in World War I invented a new template for the manipulation of information that remains with us to this day. Making a persuasive case for the importance of understanding modernism in the context of the history of modern propaganda, Modernism, Media, and Propaganda also helps explain the origins of today’s highly propagandized world.
Modernism, Media, and Propaganda integrates new archival research with fresh interpretations of British fiction and film to provide a comprehensive cultural history of the relationship between modernism and propaganda in Britain during the first half of the twentieth century. From works by Joseph Conrad to propaganda films by Alfred Hitchcock and Orson Welles, Mark Wollaeger traces the transition from literary to cinematic propaganda while offering compelling close readings of major fiction by Virginia Woolf, Ford Madox Ford, and James Joyce.
Another book I am reading along with
Chapter 3
Virginia gives very little credit to what living in a family with children did for the male author's that she mentions.
Mary Shakespeare
For instance Shakespeare's mother:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Sh...
She bore eight children. Not all of them lived very long but I think five of them did.
John Keats
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keats
although his poems had been in publication for less than four years when he died of tuberculosis at the age of 25. They were indifferently received in his lifetime, but his fame grew rapidly after his death.
His mother gave birth and cared for five children. He was the eldest of four surviving children; his younger siblings were George (1797–1841), Thomas (1799–1818), and Frances Mary "Fanny" (1803–1889), who later married the Spanish author Valentín Llanos Gutiérrez.[4] Another son was lost in infancy.
Edgar Allan Poe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_A...
Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe and actor David Poe Jr. He had an elder brother named William Henry Leonard Poe and a younger sister named Rosalie Poe.[5] Their grandfather, David Poe Sr., emigrated from County Cavan, Ireland, around 1750.[6] Edgar may have been named after a character in William Shakespeare's King Lear, which the couple were performing in 1809.[7] His father abandoned the family in 1810,[8] and his mother died a year later from consumption (pulmonary tuberculosis).
Mary Russell Mitford
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ru...
She was the only daughter of George Mitford (or Midford), who apparently trained as a medical doctor, and Mary Russell, a descendant of the aristocratic Russell family. She grew up near Jane Austen and was an acquaintance of hers when young. At ten years old in 1797, young Mary Russell Mitford won her father a lottery ticket worth £20,000, but by the 1810s the small family suffered financial difficulties. In the 1800s and 1810s they lived in large properties in Reading and then Grazeley (in Sulhamstead Abbots parish), but, when the money was all gone after 1819, they lived on a small remnant of the doctor's lost fortune and the proceeds of his daughter's literary career. He is thought to have inspired Mary with the keen delight in incongruities, the lively sympathy, self-willed vigorous individuality, and tolerance which inspire so many of her sketches of character. She cared for her mother and father until their deaths and supported them and herself by proceeds from her writing.
Emily Brontë
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_B...
Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 to Maria Branwell and an Irish father, Patrick Brontë. The family was living on Market Street in the village of Thornton on the outskirts of Bradford, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. Emily was the second youngest of six siblings, preceded by Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte and Branwell. In
Edward FitzGerald
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_...
The change of family name occurred shortly after FitzGerald's mother inherited a second fortune. She had previously inherited over half a million pounds from an aunt, but in 1818, her father died and left her considerably more than that. The FitzGeralds were one of the wealthiest families in England. Edward FitzGerald later commented that all of his relatives were mad; further, that he was insane as well, but was at least aware of the fact.
In 1826, he went on to Trinity College, Cambridge.[5] He became acquainted with William Makepeace Thackeray and William Hepworth Thompson.[2] Though he had many friends who were members of the Cambridge Apostles, most notably Alfred Tennyson, FitzGerald himself was never offered an invitation to this famous group.
Virginia Wolfe's brother was in the Cambridge Apostles.
When Currer Bell Became Charlotte Brontë
http://www.annebronte.org/2022/02/06/...
George Eliot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_...
Mary Ann Evans was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. She was the third child of Robert Evans (1773–1849) and Christiana Evans (née Pearson, 1788–1836), the daughter of a local mill-owner.
George Sand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_...
One of the most popular writers in Europe in her lifetime,[4] being more renowned than both Victor Hugo and Honoré de Balzac in England in the 1830s and 1840s,[5] Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era.
Sand also wrote literary criticism and political texts. In her early life, she sided with the poor and working class as well as championing women's rights. When the 1848 Revolution began, she was an ardent republican. Sand started her own newspaper, published in a workers' co-operative.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Ja...Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau had no recollection of learning to read, but he remembered how when he was five or six his father encouraged his love of reading:
Every night, after supper, we read some part of a small collection of romances [adventure stories], which had been my mother's. My father's design was only to improve me in reading, and he thought these entertaining works were calculated to give me a fondness for it; but we soon found ourselves so interested in the adventures they contained, that we alternately read whole nights together and could not bear to give over until at the conclusion of a volume.
Rousseau's reading of escapist stories (such as L'Astrée by Honoré d'Urfé) had an effect on him; he later wrote that they "gave me bizarre and romantic notions of human life, which experience and reflection have never been able to cure me of".[10][page needed] After they had finished reading the novels, they began to read a collection of ancient and modern classics left by his mother's uncle. Of these, his favorite was Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, which he would read to his father while he made watches. Rousseau saw Plutarch's work as another kind of novel—the noble actions of heroes—and he would act out the deeds of the characters he was reading about.
Thomas Carlyle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_...
Janet, who gave birth to John Carlyle and then died. He married Margaret Aitken in 1795, a poor farmer's daughter then working as a servant. They had nine children, of whom Thomas was the eldest. Margaret was pious and devout and hoped that Thomas would become a minister. She was close to her eldest son, being a "smoking companion, counselor and confidante" in Carlyle's early days. She suffered a manic episode when Carlyle was a teenager, in which she became "elated, disinhibited, over-talkative and violent."[17] She suffered another breakdown in 1817, which required her to be removed from her home and restrained.[18] Carlyle always spoke highly of his parents, and his character was deeply influenced by both of them.
Gustave Flaubert
Flaubert was born in Rouen, in the Seine-Maritime department of Upper Normandy, in northern France. He was the second son of Anne Justine Caroline (née Fleuriot; 1793–1872) and Achille-Cléophas Flaubert (1784–1846), director and senior surgeon of the major hospital in Rouen. He began writing at an early age, as early as eight according to some sources.
As a devoted Spinozist, Flaubert was significantly influenced by Spinoza's thought. He was also a pantheist.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tem...
Jane Austen, Virginia Woolf and Worldly Realism
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/i...
Chapter 4 of
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Fi...
Lady Winchilsea,
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1550). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
Finch was born Anne Kingsmill in April 1661 in Sydmonton, Hampshire, in southern England. Her parents were Sir William Kingsmill and Anne Haslewood, both from old and powerful families. She was the youngest of three children, her siblings being William and Bridget Kingsmill. The young Anne never knew her father, as he died only five months after she was born. In his will, he specified that his daughters receive financial support equal to that of their brother for their education, which was an "unusually enlightened view for the times".
Did Virginia give her father any credit for the poems that she could write because after all....she had money for her whole life.
So much for her argument that a woman needs a room and money. What because she did earn them it doesn't count?
Was Jane Austen a pen name for Warren Hastings' daughter, Eliza Hancock (Austen)?
Warren Hastings and The Austen-Hastings connection
The closeness of the Austen-Hastings family ties was even more incredible. In England, just after their wedding, the Rev George Austen (Jane Austen’s father) and his new bride (her mother) took care of Warren Hastings’s little son George, who had been sent to England. It seems not to have affected relations at all that little George Hastings caught a fever and died “of a putrid throat” in the Austen home in 1764. Aunt Philadelphia and cousin Eliza continued to be regular visitors to the Steventon rectory when Jane was growing up. In 1771, when Warren Hastings was appointed governor of Bengal, he had settled £5000 on Eliza Hancock, as his “god-daughter” when she was just ten years old, and frequently sent money to Philadelphia. Eliza married a minor French noble in France before the Revolution and then on being widowed returned to England. The Hancock and Austen domiciles again became interchangeable. The impeachment of Warren Hastings for corruption in 1785 and his eventual acquittal revealed his enormous wealth. In June 1797, Eliza had £10,000 which had been put in trust for her by Warren Hastings. She had it removed from the trustees, one of whom was Rev George Austen, and made available to her. Then on 31 December 1797, Eliza married her first cousin Henry, Jane Austen’s brother. Two years previously, Henry, at that time at Oxford, had written flatteringly to Warren Hastings after his acquittal and to thank him for “many instances of your kindness shown to me”. As Jane Austen well knew, it wasn’t just women who made compromises for financial reward. Funding the novels After their wedding, Eliza and Henry lived in grand style in Upper Berkeley Street, off Portman Square, later in Hans Place in Knightsbridge. Henry Austen, older than Jane by four years, and previously on an income as regimental paymaster and captain in the army of £300 per year, began to use both his military and East India contacts, including Warren Hastings to establish a bank, one branch in London and one in Alton in Hampshire. His financial affairs fluctuated wildly. If anything, more puzzles flow from this. At the time of Henry and Eliza’s marriage, Jane had three novels in first draft written down. First Impressions, which became Pride and Prejudice, was begun in 1795, Sense and Sensibility in 1796, Northanger Abbey in 1798. It was 1811 before Henry and Eliza provided the funding of £150 to publish Sense and Sensibility privately, with Pride and Prejudice following in 1813. Their contacts took them so close to the top of society that when Emma was published in 1816 Henry had managed a royal patron for Jane: the Prince Regent asked that the book be dedicated to him (which it was, by his “obedient, humble servant the Author”). But why were they not published sooner?
https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/1630047
https://www.austenauthors.net/jane-au...
https://archive.org/details/storyofja...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Au...
When this book was published originally, it was condemned by critics at the time as complete trash, which it is. Critics of the time said it was totally impossible that the author of the book could be the same as the author of the other Fanny Burney novels.
This was because this was the only one of the novels that was written by Fanny Burney. The other novels were written by Jane Austen's cousin and sister in law, Eliza de Feuillide. We know that The Wanderer was written by Fanny Burney herself as at the time she was stranded in France and so Eliza could not have written it.
It is probable that Eliza was a harpsichord pupil of Fanny's father Charles Burney. Fanny was her father's secretary and so when Eliza was looking for a secretary herself, Fanny would have been the obvious choice. Eliza could not publish the books under her own name because she was the illegitimate daughter of Warren Hastings, the Governor General of India. The preface of "Fanny Burney"'s first novel, Evelina, contains a poem in praise of the author's father, which is in fact a poem in praise of Warren Hastings.
We know that "The Wanderer" was written by Fanny Burney and not Eliza de Feuillide for two reasons. Firstly, it was written while Fanny Burney was stranded in France for 12 years whilst Eliza was living in England. Secondly, the style of writing is similar in style to letters of the time written by Fanny Burney. If anyone wants to know further details of this they can find it in the book "Jane Austen - a New Revelation"
Jane Austen: A New Revelation
A Room of One's OwnWhere do these schools get their money when women cannot raise but 30,000...
The Yale brothers
The second-generation American bothers, Elihu and Thomas Yale, forged notable careers for themselves in the Company's service. Elihu rose to become Governor of Madras, and from there in 1689 he sent Thomas on what was the Company's first direct trading mission to China, paving the way for the eventual opening up of that unknown country to the Company's traders. Although his brother was later disgraced, Elihu returned to America with the fortune that he had earned in India, donating part of it to his old school, which, in gratitude, renamed itself "Yale College" in 1718.
https://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wi...
Chapter 3A Room of One's Own
time. The sentence that was current at the beginning of the nineteenth century ran something like this perhaps: “The grandeur of their works was an argument with them, not to stop short, but to proceed. They could have no higher excitement or satisfaction than in the exercise of their art and endless generations of truth and beauty. Success prompts to exertion; and habit facilitates success.” That is a man’s sentence;
Woolf, Virginia. The Complete Works (p. 1562). Pandora's Box. Kindle Edition.
https://garethrees.org/2018/02/10/woolf/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiba...
A Room of One's Own was published
https://www.amazon.com/Room-Ones-Own-...
October 24, 1929
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_St...
This is the same day that is known as Black Thursday.
"The Great Crash is mostly associated with October 24, 1929, called Black Thursday, the day of the largest sell-off of shares in U.S. history,[2][3] and October 29, 1929, called Black Tuesday, when investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day"
Great Expectations.“He calls the knaves Jacks, this boy!” said Estella with disdain, before our first game was out. “And what coarse hands he has! And what thick boots!”
https://www.askdifference.com/jack-vs...
Finally, the propagandist must use not only all of the instruments.
but also different forms of propaganda There are many
type* of propaganda, though there is a present tendency to combine them
Direct propaganda, aimed at modifying opinions and
attitudes must be preceded by propaganda that is sociological
in character, slow, general, seeking to create a climate, an atmosphere of favorable preliminary attitudes. No direct propaganda can be effective without pre-propaganda, which, without direct or noticeable aggression, is limited to creating ambiguities, reducing prejudices, and spreading images, apparently without purpose.
The Neurotic Personality of Our Time
https://archive.org/details/neuroticp...
Tess of the D'Urbervilles
https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/...
https://archive.org/details/dickensin...
https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/...
https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/...
Chapters 1-11 my comment in thread:
https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/...
Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India
"At the end of May 2015, I was invited by the Oxford Union to speak on the proposition 'Britain Owes Reparations to Her Former Colonies'. ..Finally this book makes an argument; it does not tell a story..... I used Oxford's reparations motion to raise the issue of the moral debt Britain owed her former colonies, not a financial one."
The point is that this book is not telling a story...it is propaganda. It is propaganda because it wants to move a mass of people. In this case the British, to feel something...and recognize their debt to India. My issue with this that while India was being exploited so was British subjects....just read Charles Dickens. So it wasn't most British, but instead it was a Merchant Class of people. And for him to mix all of Britain subjects into the "blame" is to defuse the lens on where the focus should be The East India Company!
He says that this is not a chronological story of what happened. In this way of presenting his work the information is baffling and all you can do is get a "feeling" of what has happened but it would be painful to check out everything the way he has written this book.
On the other hand if you substitute the East India Company for Britain and The Company and The CROWN then I think it give blame where blame is due...to traders (traitors)...which when you look at the people that take one people's wealth and package it up as derivatives and sell to people in another country...I think you can see that their is a group that is syphoning off the wealth of a nation.
From the book,
It is exactly the same with all rational, logical, factual
propaganda. Thereafter, what remains with the individual affected
by this propaganda is a perfectly irrational picture, a purely
emotional feeling, a myth. The facts, the data, the reasoning— all
are forgotten, and only the impression remains. And this is
indeed what the propagandist ultimately seeks, for the Individual
will never begin to act on the basis of facts, or engage in purely
rational behavior. What makes him act is the emotional pressure,
the vision of a future, the myth. The problem is to create an irrational
response on the basis of rational and factual elements.
That response must be fed with facts, those frenzies must be provoked
by rigorously logical proofs. Thus propaganda in itself
becomes honest, strict, exact, but its effect remains irrational
because of the spontaneous transformation of all its contents by
the individual
We emphasize that this is true not just for propaganda but
also for information except for the specialist, information, even
when it is very well presented, gives people only a broad image
d the world And much of the information disseminated now
a days— research findings, facts, statistics, explanations, analyses—
eliminate personal judgment and the capacity to form one's own
opinion even more surely than the most extravagant propaganda.
This claim may seem shocking but it is a fact that excessive
data do not enlighten the reader or the listener. they drown him.
He cannot remember them all. or coordinate them, or understand
them; if he does not want to risk losing his mind, he will merely
draw a general picture from them. And the more facts supplied,
the more simplistic the image. If a man is given one item of
information he will retain it. if he b given a hundred data in one
field, of one question, he will have only a general idea of that
question But if he is given a hundred items of information on all
the political and economic aspects of a nation, he will arrive at
s summary judgment—
I am listening to this book on Audible. The reader changed a word in this paragraph:
We know too that the establishment of the Viet-Minh organization into Indochina permitted the structuring of a complete administrative society imposing itself on
traditional groups the Lien-Viet, with its independent and centralized hierarchy, artificially provoked a new splitting of the traditional groups of inhabitants upsetting families, villages, and neighborhoods and exploding the old forms in order to integrate individuals into new groups.
A person is classified according to his age, sex, and occupation. The family group is thus destroyed; children do not belong to the same group as their parents. Each group is thus created is an approximately homogeneous bloc of members with the same needs, the same tastes, the same functions: propaganda can then easily develop and capture individuals forced into these artificial groups. There can be sessions of directed discussion (the themes in the youth groups will be very different from those in the adult groups) sessions of self-criticism (youth can engage in sincere and easy when not under parental control).
The word that he changed is in the sentence highlighted above. He changed the word "children" to "citizen."
"The attempt of the FLN (Forces de Liberation Nationals) to imitate the North Vietnamese, coupled
with the establishment of a million Arabs in relocation camps by the French authorities,
brought about – each in its turn, each by its particular methods – this same sociological transformation. These operations are conducted simultaneously and in both cases the desire to create a fertile ground for propaganda is not over looked (far from it).
We find in the ultra-rapid, forced, and systematic transformation
of these societies a dramatic confirmation of our analysis showing
that a certain ~massification ~ of totality is required for propaganda to be able to develop."
India Under British Rule From The Foundation Of The East India Company
"Right and Left Hands. The Indian quarter at Madras was almost entirely Hindu. Scarcely a Mohammedan took up his abode within the Company's bounds. Accordingly one of the earliest acts of the President and Council was to divide the streets of Black Town into those of the right and left hand. All over Southern India, the lower castes of Hindus are divided into Right and Left Hands, and yet no one can account for the distinction, or satisfactorily define the respective rights of each Hand. The so-called Hands are, however, intensely jealous of each other. For generations each Hand in the towns of Southern India has had its own streets and its own pagoda. At Madras, if one Hand passed in religious procession along the streets of the other Hand, or if the members of one Hand chanted Hindu hymns or mantras before the pagoda of the other, a fray would break out in Black Town, which could only be suppressed by British soldiers, and then would be followed by a strike of weavers or painters, or the flight of all the members of one Hand to the Portuguese settlement at St. Thomé. These conflicts, which more than once brought the settlement to the brink of ruin, reached a climax in Governor Pitt's time, as will appear hereafter."
In India, as right across Asia, the left hand is for wiping your bottom, cleaning your feet and other unsavoury functions (you also put on and take off your shoes with your left hand), while the right hand is for eating, shaking hands and so on.
https://kerala-travel-tourism.com/ind...
Something interesting but don't know if related:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-...
"In more recent definitions, which base themselves on the terms' origins in Indian Tantra, the Right-Hand Path (RHP, or Dakshinachara), is seen as a definition for those magical groups that follow specific ethical codes and adopt social convention, while the Left-Hand Path (LHP, or Vamamarga) adopts the opposite attitude, espousing the breaking of taboo and the abandoning of set morality. Some contemporary occultists, such as Peter J. Carroll, have stressed that both paths can be followed by a magical practitioner, as essentially they have the same goals.[2]"
Cosmic wrote: "Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India"At the end of May 2015, I was invited by the Oxford Union t..."
That is very interesting.
Inglorious EmpireInglorious Empire: What the British Did to IndiaI just want to say that British subjects did not do anything to India. They were just as much a part of the mill as the Indian people. Maybe more so because they had always been. But it was the East India Company, which is a trading company, much like Wall Street is a trading company and Dark Towers: Deutsche Bank, Donald Trump, and an Epic Trail of Destruction. Does this Epic Trail of Destruction mean that the American people are to feel more guilt than they should when they were also a victim.
So this is my first complaint with this book.
The Story of Civilization
The Case for India
"The British conquest of India was the invasion and destruction of a high civilization by a trading company (British East India Company) utterly without scruple or principle, careless of art and greedy of gain, over-running with fire and sword a country temporarily disordered and helpless, bribing and murdering, annexing and stealing, and beginning that career of illegal and 'legal' plunder which has now (1930) gone on ruthlessly for one hundred and seventy-three years." Will Durant
The Conquest of India by a Corporation
A subtitle in the book not read by the author on Audible. But yes this should have been the subtitle to your book Shashi Tharoor
John Sullivan "Ooty" observed in the 1840's: "the little court disappears - trade languishes- the capital decays- the people are impoverished - the Englishman (bankers and Tradesmen) flourishes, and acts like a sponge, drawing up riches from the banks of Ganges, and squeezing them down upon the banks of the Thames."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Su...
The India that the British East India Company conquered was not primitive or barren land, but the glittering jewel of the medieval world. Its accomplishments and prosperity -- 'the wealth created by vast and varied industries'. Nearly every kind of manufacture or product known to the civilized world -- nearly every kind of creation of man's brain and hand, existing anywhere, and prized either for it's utility or beauty --had long been produced in India. India was a far greater industrial and manufacturing nation than any in Europe or any other in Asia. her textile goods -- the fine products of her looms, in cotton, wool, linen and silk - were famous over the civilized world; so where her exquisite jewellery and her precious stones cut in every lovely form; so were her pottery, porcelains, ceramics of every kind, quality, color and beautiful shape; so were her fine works in metal -- iron, steel, silver and gold. She has great architecture, - equal in beauty to any in the world. She had great engineering works. She had great merchants, great businessmen, great bankers and financier. Not only was she the greatest shipbuilding nation, but she had great commerce and trade by land and sea which extended to all known civilized countries. Such was the India (and replace any country that has risen and fallen by war and plunder in the last 1500 years (and replace by the Knights Templars and their kind) which the East India Company found when they came. -- were succinctly described by Yorkshire-born American Unitarian minister, J.T. Sunderland."
Jabez Thomas Sunderland
Book: India in Bondage
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet....
Royal Charters for Corporations:
Corporations
"Between the 14th and 19th centuries, royal charters were used to create chartered companies – for-profit ventures with shareholders, used for exploration, trade and colonisation. Early charters to such companies often granted trade monopolies, but this power was restricted to Parliament from the end of the 17th century. Until the 19th century, royal charters were the only means other than an act of parliament by which a company could be incorporated; in the UK, the Joint Stock Companies Act 1844 opened up a route to incorporation by registration, since when incorporation by royal charter has been, according to the Privy Council, "a special token of Royal favour or ... a mark of distinction".
^^No wonder the employees of the East India Company were buying their selves a seat in Parliament. "Life's a game and those that play must play according to the rules."
"It all began with the East India Company, incorporated by royal charter from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth 1 in 1600 to trade in silk and spices, and other profitable Indian commodities."
^^I wrote Elizabeth 1 but her name is Elizabeth I (?) because she is descended from the Roman empire?
wiki on Royal Charters;
Among the past and present groups formed by royal charter are the Company of Merchants of the Staple of England (13th century), the British East India Company (1600), the Hudson's Bay Company, the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China (since merged into Standard Chartered), the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O), the British South Africa Company, and some of the former British colonies on the North American mainland, City livery companies, the Bank of England and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_In...
Originally chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies", the company rose to account for half of the world's trade during the mid-1700s and early 1800s, particularly in basic commodities including cotton, silk, indigo dye, sugar, salt, spices, saltpetre, tea, and opium. The company also ruled the beginnings of the British Empire in India.
William Hawkins
William Hawkins was a representative of the English East India Company. He was the commander of Hector, the first company ship for anchor at Surat in India on 24, August, 1608
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600. Originally chartered as the "Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies",
3 page
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/...
The English East India Company, formally known as the Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies, was first incorporated by a charter from Queen Elizabeth I (1533–1603) on December 31, 1600. The charter gave the company exclusive rights to all "Traffic and Merchandize to the East-Indies … beyond the Cape of Bona Esperanza [Good Hope], to the Streights of Magellan." While this initial charter was experimental, limited to fifteen years, the East India Company was soon rechartered as a permanent body politic (1609) and over time became the most successful, most significant, and certainly the most famous of English joint-stock companies organized for overseas trade.
The English East India Company became a crucial pillar of the London financial and stock market, a key creditor to the English state, and an important player in English politics. As a joint-stock company, it, along with its rival Dutch East India Company, was the forerunner of the modern multinational corporation.
Headquartered at the India House in London's Leadenhall Street, the English East India Company was directed by twenty-four individuals known as committees (after 1709, directors), headed by a governor and deputy governor and elected by a general court of stockholders. Collectively known as the Court of Committees, these men governed an independent political system, a network of ships, soldiers, and "servants" (as its employees were known) in Europe and Asia. As a corporate body politic, the company set the institutional and ideological foundations for the British Empire in Asia.
Its beginnings, of course, were much more humble. While occasional English traders and adventurers made their way to the East Indies through the sixteenth century, no English monarch had been willing to challenge Portugal's claims to exclusive rights to the route around southern Africa. Sporadic attempts to search for a northwest or northeast passage had benefits, such as the discovery of Newfoundland and the founding of the Russia (Muscovy) Company, but yielded no route to rival either the Portuguese or the overland caravan trade.
By the end of the century, groups of merchants, including leaders of the English Levant (Turkey) Company, began to press fervently for a chartered company to pursue the southern maritime route. Their arguments were made stronger with the capture in the West Indies of the Madre de Dios, a Portuguese ship laden with a vast amount of East India goods and spices, as well as the Matricola, a confidential Portuguese register and inventory of its Estado da India. These investors, aided by a brief that was likely authored by the geographer, explorer, and imperial theorist Richard Hakluyt (1552–1616), used this prize to demonstrate the vast fortunes to be had in East India trade. The administrative documents also seemed to prove that Portugal neither occupied nor used the hemispheric jurisdiction it claimed. Many, including Hakluyt, also interpreted the capture as a providential endorsement for an English entry into the East India trade. In 1599 Queen Elizabeth and her privy councilors relented.
The company's first voyage, four ships commanded by Captain James Lancaster (ca. 1554–1618), set sail in February 1601. These early expeditions were intended not for South Asia, but for Indonesia and its rich spice and pepper entrepôt of Banten. These English ships also sought to attack and plunder Portuguese shipping. The meteoric rise in power in Indonesia of the newly created Dutch East India Company, however, forced the British company to look for other markets.
Pepper remained the East India Company's largest import for its first several decades, but the English East India Company soon diversified into silk, indigo, saltpeter, and textiles. In addition, its servants began to develop a complex and lucrative trade to and from points within Asia, later known as the country trade. The company also began to turn its attention towards South Asia.
Sir Thomas Roe (1581–1644) was sent as ambassador from King James I (1566–1625) and the English East India Company to the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir (1569–1627). In 1616 Roe secured company rights to land for its first factory, to include a trading post, warehouse, and residence, at Mughal India's busiest and most lucrative overseas commercial port, the western Gujarati town of Surat. In the following year, the company further expanded its operations in Western Asia, with a farman (an imperial command) from the Persian emperor permitting a factory to be established at Isfahan (a city in present-day Iran).
The English East India Company experienced great initial success. It sent twelve expeditions in its first decade and a half, and returned more than 100 percent profit over its original capital investment. By the 1630s, though, a depressed market in Europe and overextension in Asia began to take its toll on company fortunes. Meanwhile, the company faced more rivalry in England, including an antimonopoly sentiment that grew with hostility towards the king. In 1639 Charles I (1600–1649) allowed a patent for William Courteen and a consortium of traders to do business in the East Indies in places where the East India Company did not. The so-called Courteen Association did a great deal to sully the company's reputation and credit, both in London and Asia, forcing the company to spend great sums both to combat the association and to recover the company's standing in Indian markets.
Competition with European powers had also begun to intensify. By 1615, English East India Company ships had repelled two major Portuguese assaults near Surat, India, and in 1622 the Company's alliance with the Persian emperor led to the expulsion of the Portuguese from their valuable Persian Gulf outpost of Hormuz. In exchange, the company was given an outpost at Gombroon (Bandar 'Abbas) in Persia and a share of the customs receipts of the port.
Despite this success against the Portuguese, the English East India Company continued to lose ground to the Dutch in Indonesia. Perhaps most famously, in 1623 Dutch officials arrested, tortured, and executed, under the charge of treason, ten English company officials living at Amboina (present-day Ambon, Indonesia). The Amboina "massacre" became a rallying cry against the Dutch for the better part of the century. Making matters worse, in the same year company officials were also forced by the Japanese to abandon their factory at Hirado, an island near Nagasaki.
The execution of King Charles I in 1649 and the republic under Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) in the 1650s marked the nadir of the English East India Company's fortunes in seventeenth-century England. In 1653 Cromwell declared the company's royal charter invalid, and opened the East India trade to all takers, including Courteen. Though the rival traders were never successful, their competition and sabotage of the company allowed states and merchants in Asia to drive up the expense of goods as well as diplomatic transactions. Prices of East India goods in England began to rise, while profit, customs receipts, and the financial stability of the company fell proportionally.
Eager to recover England's advantages in the East, Cromwell offered the English East India Company a new charter in October 1657, putting the company on much more solid footing than it had been on previously. Most importantly, the joint-stock, now totaling almost £50,000, was made permanent. Though technically forfeited with the restoration to the throne of King Charles II (1630–1685) in 1660, the charter was reissued with almost identical terms in 1661. Over the next several decades, Charles II and his successor, James II (1633–1701), issued further patents, expanding the company's powers to enforce law (including martial law) on English subjects in Asia, to make war and peace, to mint coins, and to "erect and build Castles, Fortifications, Forts, Garrisons, Colonies or Plantations" as the company saw fit.
Given this new financial and political foundation in Europe, the English East India Company began to enhance its network in Asia. At the core of this system were fortified sovereign cities, settlement colonies, and military outposts, as well as trading factories central to company administration. Here, company officials tended to much more than trade; they governed a growing cosmopolitan Eurasian population, which in turn demanded attention to law and justice and a civic administration requiring such infrastructure as churches, prisons, schools, hospitals, mints, courts, and, of course, systems of taxation, customs, and revenue collection.
Madras, on the southeastern Indian coast, had been in East India Company possession since 1639, when the company's representative Francis Day initially leased the land from the nayak (provincial governor or local sovereign) Damarla Venkatappa. At its center was Fort Saint George and the surrounding "White" or "Christian" town, but its jurisdiction also encompassed the surrounding so-called "Black" or "Gentue" town. By the 1680s, its leaders boasted (perhaps exaggeratedly) of a cosmopolitan Eurasian population of over 100,000. In 1687 the East India Company incorporated the town, giving it an urban administrative apparatus similar to English corporate cities, including a locally elected mayor, aldermen, and burgesses.
In 1668 Charles II also transferred to the English East India Company, for an annual rent of £10, the Western Indian archipelago of Bombay, given to the English Crown from Portugal seven years earlier as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza (1638–1705) when she married Charles. By the 1680s, Bombay had become the center of the company's commercial and political administration in India. The company also controlled the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, where it attempted to create a plantation society, as well as a watering station for its ships. In 1696 the company was given a zamindari (the right to collect revenue and to administrate) over three villages in eastern India, as well as permission to fortify in the city that would soon be known as Calcutta, with Fort William at its center.
The English East India Company also reclaimed its position outside of India. It recovered from its expulsion by a Dutch-backed coup from Banten in 1684 with the construction of a factory and fortified city at the Sumatran port of Bengkulu in the 1690s. Additionally, its early unsuccessful factories in Siam (Thailand), Malaysia, and Japan were replaced by stations at Taiwan, Amoy (Xiamen, China), and ultimately Canton (Guangzhou, China), from which it began its large-scale eighteenth-century trade in tea and porcelain.
In this period, company leaders in London and their subordinates in Asia, particularly company committee and sometime governor Josia Child (1630–1699) and company general in Asia John Child (d. 1690, no relation), had also become much more vigilant and hawkish in the protection of the company's rights and political position in Asia. From 1686 to 1690, the company fought wars with Siam and the Mughal Empire, one in Bengal and another in Bombay. Though the latter resulted in the occupation of the island by the Mughal Sidi tributary for two years, in the long run these experiences only reinforced the company leadership's belief in the need for military strength to defend its establishment in Asia.
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On the Use of Mirrors in the Game of Chess" by Milo Temesvar does not exist. It was the title of a book dreamed up by author Umberto Eco but I've always liked the title and wondered what such a book would contain. Chess and mirrors conjure up very mystical ideas. In particular the knight's move - being so different to all the other pieces - is particularly intriguing; to the other chess pieces (that can only move one way at once) it must seem as if the knight slips in and out of dimensions at will. From Alan Cleaver on Flicker.
Glenn Russel review of Chess Story
https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...
"I detect strong parallels between reading a novel and the game of chess: there is the author sitting on one side, playing white, the reader on the other side, playing black; instead of the chess board and chess pieces there is the novel; the author’s opening chapter is the chess player’s opening, the middle of the novel is, of course, the middle game, and the closing chapter is the end game. If both author and reader expand their literary horizons and deepen their appreciation of life’s mysteries, then both can declare 'checkmate'".
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis...
After the reconciliation with the Habsburgs in 1326, Louis marched to Italy and was crowned King of Italy in Milan in 1327. Already in 1323, Louis had sent an army to Italy to protect Milan against the Kingdom of Naples, which was together with France the strongest ally of the papacy. But now the Lord of Milan Galeazzo I Visconti was deposed since he was suspected of conspiring with the pope.[2]
Franciscan theologians Michael of Cesena and William of Ockham , and the philosopher Marsilius of Padua, who were all on bad terms with the Pope as well, joined Emperor Louis in Italy and accompanied him to his court at Alter Hof in Munich which became the first imperial residence of the Holy Roman Empire.
Louis IV was a protector of the Teutonic Knights. In 1337 he allegedly bestowed upon the Teutonic Order a privilege to conquer Lithuania and Russia, although the Order had only petitioned for three small territories. Later he forbade the Order to stand trial before foreign courts in their territorial conflicts with foreign rulers.
MIRROR
https://www.reddit.com/r/latin/commen...