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What is an independent author?
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I believe that the Merriam-Webster English Dictionary's definition of independent provides the best meaning of the word.
1 self-governing; not affiliated with a larger controlling unit.
2 not requiring or relying upon something else or somebody else.
3 not easily influenced: showing self-reliance and personal freedom.
SPA refers to self-published authors.



Definitely, i think (my opinion for what it's worth), if you're trying to match models, (with exceptions) many Indies are closer to SPAs than big sixes. I also think you probably aren't the only one confused.
Edit, because on rereading I decided that I sounded like an arrogant snit: Could be the next poster tells me I'm the one who's confused.

so...thanks again :)


A writer can effectively be an indie and also self-published, if in having their own small press they do their best at getting the final product as professional as is possible.
If the typography is done well, professional cover, professional blurb, promo copies can be had, and the book in question is reasonably priced, the SPA is in that sense an Indie, especially if they do the sole-proprietorship (DBA), LLC, or Inc model.
Then again, I own an old AM-General Jeep DJ-5 and I drive from the right-hand seat so it's possible my perception is skewed.


I do everything at this point except cover art. My first two works of Sci-Fi someone else edited, and some of the edits were good and some not so good, so I'm taking on editing until I can afford to pay someone.
If the press is me and I am the press, does that make me an Indie, an SPA, or both?

However, in practice, I think indie authors are generally accepted to be either self-published or published through a small press house.
I've done both, and always considered myself an "indie" author.
And while we're at it does SPA mean self published author or small press author?