The Enlightenment and its Impact

This list is for titles relating to the Enlightenment (also known as The Age of Enlightenment and the Age of Reason) in its various forms in the Western world during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is not restricted to the better-known, traditional "High Enlightenment" of eighteenth-century France, but aims to be comprehensive of all the various forms the Enlightenment took. In addition, the focus is not solely upon matters philosophical: the Enlightenment was as much a social phenomenon as an intellectual one. Therefore, titles relating to how knowledge were created, interpreted, disseminated and transformed are as welcome as books on the social and political background. In general our preference is for more recent works in English (or in English translation), but there is certainly space for the classics as well.

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1	The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.78 avg rating — 56,235 ratings score: 1,989, and 21 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
2	An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith 3.88 avg rating — 34,514 ratings score: 1,767, and 19 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
3	Candide and Philosophical Letters by Voltaire 3.68 avg rating — 526 ratings score: 1,726, and 18 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
4	Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant 3.96 avg rating — 41,274 ratings score: 1,549, and 17 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
5	The Enlightenment, Volume 1: The Rise of Modern Paganism by Peter Gay 4.13 avg rating — 427 ratings score: 1,237, and 13 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
6	An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by David Hume 3.94 avg rating — 22,084 ratings score: 1,220, and 14 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
7	The Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.59 avg rating — 9,226 ratings score: 964, and 11 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
8	Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes 3.70 avg rating — 51,764 ratings score: 917, and 10 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
9	The Spirit of the Laws by Montesquieu 3.98 avg rating — 5,332 ratings score: 898, and 10 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
10	An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment? by Immanuel Kant 3.83 avg rating — 3,006 ratings score: 861, and 10 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
11	Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy by René Descartes 3.77 avg rating — 36,158 ratings score: 809, and 9 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
12	Two Treatises of Government & A Letter Concerning Toleration by John Locke 3.87 avg rating — 19,455 ratings score: 781, and 9 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
13	The Enlightenment, Volume 2: The Science of Freedom by Peter Gay 4.06 avg rating — 183 ratings score: 747, and 8 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
14	The Philosophy of the Enlightenment by Ernst Cassirer 4.13 avg rating — 248 ratings score: 718, and 8 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
15	Collected Writings: Common Sense / The Crisis / Rights of Man / The Age of Reason / Pamphlets, Articles, and Letters by Thomas Paine 4.26 avg rating — 1,722 ratings score: 709, and 9 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
16	Pensées by Blaise Pascal 3.94 avg rating — 14,152 ratings score: 638, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
17	Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison by Michel Foucault 4.24 avg rating — 36,057 ratings score: 624, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
18	Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650-1750 by Jonathan I. Israel 4.19 avg rating — 396 ratings score: 615, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
19	The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon 4.02 avg rating — 15,311 ratings score: 612, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
20	Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason by Michel Foucault 4.09 avg rating — 14,297 ratings score: 608, and 7 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
21	The Life of Samuel Johnson by James Boswell 3.80 avg rating — 5,315 ratings score: 531, and 6 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
22	A Social History of Knowledge, Volume 1: From Gutenberg to Diderot by Peter Burke 3.92 avg rating — 185 ratings score: 520, and 6 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
23	Ethics by Baruch Spinoza 4.10 avg rating — 20,527 ratings score: 508, and 6 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
24	Philosophical Dictionary by Voltaire 4.05 avg rating — 2,236 ratings score: 458, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
25	America at 1750: A Social Portrait by Richard Hofstadter 3.67 avg rating — 147 ratings score: 452, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
26	The Complete Essays by Michel de Montaigne 4.23 avg rating — 21,684 ratings score: 442, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
27	The Enlightenment (New Approaches to European History, Series Number 7) by Dorinda Outram 3.62 avg rating — 250 ratings score: 434, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
28	Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and The Natural History of Religion by David Hume 4.04 avg rating — 1,082 ratings score: 424, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
29	The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (Bicentennial Reflections on the French Revolution) by Roger Chartier 3.73 avg rating — 149 ratings score: 411, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
30	The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception by Michel Foucault 3.95 avg rating — 2,474 ratings score: 405, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
31	The Rosicrucian Enlightenment by Frances A. Yates 4.24 avg rating — 558 ratings score: 384, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
32	Emile: or On Education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.57 avg rating — 5,234 ratings score: 368, and 5 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
33	The Autobiography and Other Writings by Benjamin Franklin 3.78 avg rating — 2,594 ratings score: 365, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
34	The Enlightenment: A Comparative Social History 1721-1794 by Thomas Munck 3.25 avg rating — 12 ratings score: 340, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
35	The Republic of Letters: A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment by Dena Goodman 3.58 avg rating — 77 ratings score: 337, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
36	Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man 1670-1752 by Jonathan I. Israel 4.29 avg rating — 105 ratings score: 320, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
37	The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte by Frederick C. Beiser 4.45 avg rating — 164 ratings score: 316, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
38	System of Nature by Denis Diderot (Editor) 4.29 avg rating — 66 ratings score: 314, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
39	The Enlightenment in America (Galaxy Books) by Henry F. May 3.93 avg rating — 81 ratings score: 312, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
40	A Blessed Olive Tree: A Spiritual Journey in Twenty Short Stories by Zain Hashmi (Goodreads Author) 4.02 avg rating — 158 ratings score: 300, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
41	Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution by Lisa Jardine 3.78 avg rating — 323 ratings score: 296, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
42	Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius by Leo Damrosch 4.15 avg rating — 222 ratings score: 295, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
43	Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke 3.74 avg rating — 7,157 ratings score: 289, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
44	The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton 4.10 avg rating — 41,673 ratings score: 288, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
45	Candide, or Optimism by Voltaire 3.76 avg rating — 296,415 ratings score: 282, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
46	The Scottish Enlightenment : The Scots' Invention of the Modern World by Arthur Herman 3.94 avg rating — 6,659 ratings score: 278, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
47	Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson (Goodreads Author) 4.05 avg rating — 148,233 ratings score: 275, and 4 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
48	The Cultural Life of the American Colonies by Louis B. Wright 3.71 avg rating — 42 ratings score: 269, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
49	Women, Gender and Enlightenment by Sarah Knott (Editor) 4.06 avg rating — 18 ratings score: 266, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
50	Rameau's Nephew / D'Alembert's Dream by Denis Diderot 3.67 avg rating — 1,630 ratings score: 262, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
51	The Old Regime and the French Revolution by Alexis de Tocqueville 4.04 avg rating — 2,546 ratings score: 261, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
52	The Literary Underground of the Old Regime by Robert Darnton 3.93 avg rating — 179 ratings score: 258, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
53	Crowded with Genius: The Scottish Enlightenment: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind by James Buchan 3.44 avg rating — 87 ratings score: 256, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
54	The Party of Humanity: Essays in the French Enlightenment by Peter Gay 3.73 avg rating — 26 ratings score: 252, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
55	The Radical Enlightenment: Pantheists, Freemasons and Republicans by Margaret C. Jacob 4.17 avg rating — 23 ratings score: 248, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
56	1688: The First Modern Revolution (The Lewis Walpole Series in Eighteenth-Century Culture and History) by Steven C.A. Pincus 3.83 avg rating — 290 ratings score: 244, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
57	The Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith 4.06 avg rating — 4,578 ratings score: 227, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
58	The Nun by Denis Diderot 3.75 avg rating — 8,602 ratings score: 220, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
59	The Roads to Modernity: The British, French, and American Enlightenments by Gertrude Himmelfarb 3.76 avg rating — 365 ratings score: 218, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
60	The American Enlightenment, 1750-1820 by Robert A. Ferguson 4.22 avg rating — 18 ratings score: 216, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
61	Faith in the Age of Reason: The Enlightenment from Galileo to Kant by Jonathan Hill 3.86 avg rating — 21 ratings score: 209, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
62	American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson by Joseph J. Ellis 3.94 avg rating — 28,908 ratings score: 203, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
63	Writings by George Washington 4.25 avg rating — 268 ratings score: 200, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
63	The Soul of Civility: Timeless Principles to Heal Society and Ourselves by Alexandra Hudson (Goodreads Author) 4.02 avg rating — 170 ratings score: 200, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
65	A Book Forged in Hell: Spinoza's Scandalous Treatise and the Birth of the Secular Age by Steven Nadler really liked it 4.00 avg rating — 944 ratings score: 199, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
66	The Blackwell Companion to the Enlightenment by John W. Yolton (editor) liked it 3.00 avg rating — 2 ratings score: 197, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
67	A Wicked Company: The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment by Philipp Blom 4.11 avg rating — 740 ratings score: 194, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
67	The Dark Side of the Enlightenment: Wizards, Alchemists, and Spiritual Seekers in the Age of Reason by John V. Fleming 3.20 avg rating — 200 ratings score: 194, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
69	Autobiography / Poor Richard / Later Writings by Benjamin Franklin 4.16 avg rating — 128 ratings score: 191, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
70	The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin 3.85 avg rating — 90,473 ratings score: 190, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
71	Panorama of the Enlightenment by Dorinda Outram 3.93 avg rating — 46 ratings score: 185, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
72	Thomas Jefferson: Writings by Thomas Jefferson 4.23 avg rating — 1,490 ratings score: 184, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
72	Reveries of the Solitary Walker by Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3.61 avg rating — 7,383 ratings score: 184, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
72	Candide by Voltaire 3.76 avg rating — 296,415 ratings score: 184, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
75	The Creation of the Modern World: The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment by Roy Porter 3.77 avg rating — 73 ratings score: 181, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
75	The Great Upheaval: America and the Birth of the Modern World, 1788-1800 by Jay Winik 4.08 avg rating — 2,012 ratings score: 181, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
77	A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy by Jonathan I. Israel 3.79 avg rating — 394 ratings score: 180, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
78	The Scottish Enlightenment: The Historical Age of the Historical Nation by Alexander Broadie 3.85 avg rating — 78 ratings score: 174, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
78	The Rationalists: Descartes: Discourse on Method & Meditations; Spinoza: Ethics; Leibniz: Monadology & Discourse on Metaphysics by Richard Taylor (Editor) 3.78 avg rating — 151 ratings score: 174, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
80	The Enlightenment World by Martin Fitzpatrick (Editor) 3.50 avg rating — 4 ratings score: 172, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
80	Jacques the Fatalist and His Master by Denis Diderot 3.80 avg rating — 9,522 ratings score: 172, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
82	Europe in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution (Metropolitan Museum of Art Series) by J.P. Marandel 3.50 avg rating — 2 ratings score: 171, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
83	Persian Letters by Montesquieu 3.64 avg rating — 8,010 ratings score: 166, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
84	Corinne, or Italy by Madame de Staël 3.60 avg rating — 612 ratings score: 164, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
85	The Enlightenment Past: Reconstructing Eighteenth-Century French Thought by Daniel Brewer really liked it 4.00 avg rating — 3 ratings score: 163, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
86	Pascal's Wager: The Man Who Played Dice with God by James A. Connor (Goodreads Author) 3.50 avg rating — 153 ratings score: 161, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
86	The Cambridge Companion to Locke by Vere C. Chappell (Editor) 3.88 avg rating — 49 ratings score: 161, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
88	The Principia : Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy by SIR ISAAC NEWTON 4.24 avg rating — 4,788 ratings score: 160, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
88	Mistress to an Age: A Life of Madame de Stael by J. Christopher Herold 4.02 avg rating — 121 ratings score: 160, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
90	Spinoza: A Life by Steven Nadler 4.15 avg rating — 459 ratings score: 159, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
91	The Cambridge Companion to Hume by David Fate Norton (Editor) 3.92 avg rating — 48 ratings score: 155, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
92	Voltaire Almighty: A Life in Pursuit of Freedom by Roger Pearson 3.90 avg rating — 201 ratings score: 149, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
92	The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes by Tom Sorell (Editor) 3.93 avg rating — 27 ratings score: 149, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
94	A Companion to Early Modern Philosophy by Steven Nadler (Editor) 3.40 avg rating — 10 ratings score: 147, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
95	The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith by Knud Haakonssen (Editor) 3.95 avg rating — 22 ratings score: 142, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
96	The Cambridge Companion to Voltaire by Nicholas Cronk (Editor) 3.85 avg rating — 13 ratings score: 134, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
97	Religion and the Enlightenment by James M. Byrne 3.82 avg rating — 22 ratings score: 133, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
98	Writings by James Madison 4.17 avg rating — 202 ratings score: 132, and 3 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
99	The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment by Alexander Broadie 3.81 avg rating — 21 ratings score: 129, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars
100	The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza by Don Garrett (Editor) 3.79 avg rating — 77 ratings score: 128, and 2 people voted	Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Rate this book Clear rating 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars